Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Bilabial | | Alveolar | | Vel. / uvul. |
| Nasal | | | | m | | | | n | | | | ŋ |
| Stop | | pʰ | p | b | | tʰ | t | d | | kʰ | k | g |
| Fricative | | | | | | | s | z | | | x | ɣ |
| Trill | | | | | | | | r | | | | ʀ |
| Tap | | | | | | | | ɾ | | | | |
| Approximant | | | | | | | | ɹ | | | | w |
Vowels
| | Front | | Back |
| High | | i | | u |
| Low | | | | ɑ |
Syllable structure
(C1)(C2)V(C3)
C1: a consonant
C2: one of /b r ʀ ɾ ɹ w/
V: a vowel
C3: a consonant other than /d g z ɣ/
Allophony
- Non-glottal stop obstruents [pʰ t g ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent. After a voiced obstruent, aspirated stops become unaspirated.
- Non-nasal consonants [pʰ kʰ ɣ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal. After a voiced obstruent or nasal, aspirated stops become unaspirated.
- Unrounded consonants [m d r̥ ...] persistently become rounded [mʷ dʷ rʷ̥ ...] before a rounded semivowel.
- Unrounded consonants [m d r̥ ...] persistently become rounded [mʷ dʷ rʷ̥ ...] before a rounded consonant.
- Obstruents [pʰ d gʷ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal. Before a voiced obstruent or nasal, aspirated stops become unaspirated.
- Non-nasal consonants [pʰ g rʷ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent. Before a voiced obstruent, aspirated stops become unaspirated.
- Stops or nasals [m b tʷ ...] are persistently deleted between a stop and a stop or nasal.
- Unaspirated voiceless stops [p t k ...] become aspirated [pʰ tʰ kʰ ...] after an aspirated stop.
- [ɑ] become [ɒ] after a rounded consonant.
- Alveolar stops [tʰ d tʷ ...] become non-affricate and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal. Word-finally, stops are deleted.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n nʷ] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Velar obstruents or nasals [ŋ g x ...] persistently become uvular [ɴ ɢ χ ...] before an uvular trill.
- Consonants [m kʰ ʁ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally. Before a voiceless obstruent or pause, nasals become non-nasal. Before a voiced obstruent or nasal, aspirated stops become unaspirated.
- Unrounded velar or uvular consonants [ŋ g ɣ ...] become rounded [ŋʷ gʷ ɣʷ ...] before a non-low rounded vowel or a high rounded semivowel.
- Voiceless stops [pʰ t kʷʰ ...] assimilate in aspiration to a following obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /ɣikɑp/ | [ɣikɑp] |
| /gipti/ | [gipti] |
| /rɑtʰrɑ/ | [rɑtʰr̥ɑ] |
| /tiwɑ/ | [tiwɒ] |
| /kʰɑdu/ | [kʰɑdu] |
| /ɣipʰrɑtʰ/ | [ɣipʰr̥ɑ] |
| /sɑtsɑ/ | [sɑtsɑ] |
| /tɑngitʰ/ | [tɑŋgi] |
| /sɑkdɑ/ | [sɑktɑ] |
| /ɣibŋɑp/ | [ɣibŋɑp] |
| /dɑti/ | [dɑti] |
| /tɑtzi/ | [tɑtsi] |
| /tirɑk/ | [tirɑk] |
| /nikʰɑt/ | [nikʰɑ] |
| /dɑkʰtʰi/ | [dɑkʰtʰi] |
| /ŋiɑk/ | [ŋiɑk] |
| /gɑxɑszikʰ/ | [gɑxɑssikʰ] |
| /ɣiɑx/ | [ɣiɑx] |
| /tukbi/ | [tukpi] |
| /riti/ | [riti] |
| /dɑbgu/ | [dɑbʷgʷu] |
| /kʰɑzɑ/ | [kʰɑzɑ] |
| /pɑnɹix/ | [pɑnɹix] |
| /sitgɑɹ/ | [sikkɑɹ̥] |
| /tugwip/ | [tugʷwip] |
| /dɑsbi/ | [dɑspi] |
| /tipbɑx/ | [tippɑx] |
| /bɑɣwi/ | [bɑɣʷwi] |
| /xɑtdɑ/ | [xɑttɑ] |
| /zɑzi/ | [zɑzi] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 19118315285.