Phonemic inventory

Syllable structure

(C₁)V(C₂)

C₁: a consonant
V: a vowel
C₂: a consonant

Allophony

• Nasals [m n̻ ɲ ŋ] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
• [nʲ̱] become [ɲ] before a palatal nasal.
• Non-high vowels [e o a] become nasal [ẽ õ ã] before a nasal.
• Non-high non-nasal vowels [e o a] persistently become nasal [ẽ õ ã] after a nasal vowel.
• Labial obstruents or nasals [m ɱ p f] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
• Front vowels and semivowels [j i e ẽ] persistently become central [ ɨ ɘ ɘ̃] before a velar semivowel. [j] are deleted.
• Mid-high vowels [e ɘ o ...] become high [i ɨ u ...] before a semivowel. Nasal vowels become non-nasal.
• Consonants [m p f ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
• Central tense vowels [ɨ ɘ ɘ̃] become front [i e ẽ] after a front consonant.
• Consonants [m̥ p f ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
• Semivowels [j̥ j w̥ w] become near-high [ɪ̯̥ ɪ̯ ʊ̯̥ ʊ̯] before a lax vowel.
• Alveopalatal obstruents or nasals [n̥ʲ̱ t͡ɕ ɕ ...] persistently become non-retroflexed alveolar [n̥̻ʲ t͡s̻ʲ s̻ʲ ...] before a non-retroflexed alveolar consonant except a non-affricate stop or nasal.
• Obstruents [p g f ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
• Voiceless stops [p t̻ t͡s̻ʲ ...] persistently become aspirated [pʰ tʰ̻ t͡sʰ̻ʲ ...].

Some words

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