Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Bilabial | | Laminal alveolar | | Pal. / vel. |
Nasal | | | m | | | n̻ | | | |
Stop | | p | b | | t̻ | d̻ | | k | g |
Fricative | | | | | s̻ | z̻ | | | ɣ |
Approximant | | | | | | l̻ | | | j |
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
High | | i | | | | u |
Mid-low | | ɛ | | | | ɔ |
Low | | | | a | | |
Syllable structure
(C1)V(C2)(C3)
C1: a consonant
V: a vowel
C2: one of /m n̻ p t̻ k s̻ l̻ j/
C3: one of /m n̻ p k s̻ l̻/
Allophony
- Back vowels [u ɔ] become unrounded central [ɨ ɜ] before a palatal semivowel.
- Non-glottal fricative approximants [l̻ j] become voiceless [l̻̥ j̥] after a voiceless obstruent.
- Consonants [m d̻ ɣ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal. Before a voiceless obstruent, nasals become non-nasal.
- [ɨ ɜ] become [i ɛ] before a semivowel.
- Obstruents [p d̻ s̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Non-palatal consonants [m t̻ z̻ ...] become front [mʲ tʲ̻ zʲ̻ ...] before a palatal semivowel.
- Nasals [m mʲ n̻ nʲ̻] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Non-pharyngeal unrounded velar obstruents or nasals [ŋ k x ...] become palatal [ɲ c ç ...] after a front vowel or semivowel.
- Consonants [m t̻ zʲ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal. After a voiceless obstruent, nasals become non-nasal.
Some words
/t̻ak/ | [t̻ak] |
/kan̻pi/ | [kat̻pi] |
/z̻ɛn̻/ | [z̻ɛn̻] |
/t̻ɛs̻z̻u/ | [t̻ɛz̻z̻u] |
/d̻ɔn̻s̻a/ | [d̻ɔt̻s̻a] |
/jan̻gɔl̻/ | [jaŋgɔl̻] |
/s̻ɛ/ | [s̻ɛ] |
/pukl̻ɛn̻/ | [pukl̻̥ɛn̻] |
/gɛbɔs̻/ | [gɛbɔs̻] |
/s̻ɔpkɔ/ | [s̻ɔpkɔ] |
/pɔkɔp/ | [pɔkɔp] |
/pun̻d̻a/ | [pun̻d̻a] |
/ɣups̻u/ | [ɣups̻u] |
/pad̻a/ | [pad̻a] |
/bua/ | [bua] |
/bakgut̻/ | [baggut̻] |
/pin̻kap/ | [pit̻kap] |
/z̻iz̻ak/ | [z̻iz̻ak] |
/s̻ɛɣa/ | [s̻ɛʝa] |
/z̻akɛs̻/ | [z̻akɛs̻] |
/pus̻ɔm/ | [pus̻ɔm] |
/kus̻a/ | [kus̻a] |
/jɔs̻ɛj/ | [jɔs̻ɛj] |
/pɔbil̻/ | [pɔbil̻] |
/kas̻t̻aj/ | [kas̻t̻aj] |
/kɛs̻a/ | [kɛs̻a] |
/t̻ukba/ | [t̻ugba] |
/git̻ɔj/ | [git̻ɛj] |
/kɛɔn̻/ | [kɛɔn̻] |
/kɔl̻ɛ/ | [kɔl̻ɛ] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 12979850772.