Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Bilabial-velar | | Labial | | Alveolar | | Palatal | | Velar | | Rounded velar |
| Nasal | | | | | | m | | | n | | | ɲ | | | ŋ | | | |
| Stop | | k͡p | g͡b | | p | b | | t | d | | | ɟ | | k | g | | | gʷ |
| Fricative | | | | | f | | | s | | | | | | x | | | | |
| Approximant | | | | | | | | | l | | | | | | | | | |
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
| High | | i | ĩ | | | | | u | ũ |
| Mid-high | | e | ẽ | | | | | o | õ |
| Low | | | | | a | ã | | | |
Syllable structure
(C1)V(N)(C2)
C1: a consonant other than /ɲ/
V: a vowel
N: a nasal; i.e. one of /m n ɲ ŋ/
C2: one of /m n ŋ k͡p p t ɟ k gʷ f s x l/
Allophony
- Nasals [m n ɲ ŋ] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following consonant other than [l].
- [l] persistently become [l̥] after a voiceless obstruent.
- Non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative approximants [l̥ l] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent.
- Non-nasal vowels [i u o ...] become nasal [ĩ ũ õ ...] before a nasal phone.
- Consonants [ŋ͡m k͡p k ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally. Before a voiced consonant other than [l], [x] are deleted. Before a voiceless consonant other than [l̥] or pause, nasals become non-nasal.
- Back vowels [u ũ o õ] become unrounded central [ɨ ɨ̃ ɘ ɘ̃] before a palatal stop or nasal.
- Alveolar voiced consonants other than [l], i.e. [n d z], become non-nasal approximant laterals [l l l] after an alveolar approximant.
- Central vowels [ɨ ɘ a ...] become front [i e æ ...] before a palatal stop or nasal.
- Palatal or velar obstruents or nasals other than [x], i.e. [ŋ͡m k͡p k ...], assimilate in labiality and labiodentality to a following consonant. Before a labial obstruent or nasal, rounded stops or nasals become unrounded.
- Non-pharyngeal unrounded non-palatal consonants [ŋ͡m k͡p̪ g ...] become front [ɲ͡m c͡p̪ ɟ ...] before a palatal stop or nasal.
- Consonants [ɲ͡m c͡p̪ g ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding non-lateral obstruent or nasal. After a voiceless obstruent, nasals become non-nasal. After a voiced obstruent or nasal, [ç x] become [j ].
- Non-nasal consonants other than [j], i.e. [c͡p b̪ f ...], persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal. Before a voiced obstruent or nasal, [ç x] become [j ].
- Labial obstruents or nasals [ɲ͡m ɟ͡b pʲ ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /gã/ | [gã] |
| /le/ | [le] |
| /kogi/ | [kogi] |
| /memg͡bãn/ | [mẽŋ͡mg͡bãt] |
| /ŋuŋdũt/ | [ŋũndũt] |
| /gʷa/ | [gʷa] |
| /asan/ | [asãt] |
| /tiunf/ | [tĩũp̪f] |
| /gʷoɟãt/ | [gʷeɟãt] |
| /gʷãŋk͡po/ | [gʷãk͡pk͡po] |
| /gãxɟen/ | [gæ̃ɟẽt] |
| /nemnal/ | [nẽnnal̥] |
| /mãbi/ | [mãbi] |
| /dĩɟe/ | [dĩɟe] |
| /ɟĩɟa/ | [ɟĩɟa] |
| /noŋmã/ | [nõmmã] |
| /gã/ | [gã] |
| /gʷãkim/ | [gʷãkĩp] |
| /ofk͡pẽ/ | [oɸk͡pẽ] |
| /gonŋo/ | [gõŋŋo] |
| /ŋĩŋ/ | [ŋĩk] |
| /tũngʷbẽ/ | [tũŋ͡mg͡bbẽ] |
| /fegʷe/ | [fegʷe] |
| /sak͡piŋ/ | [sak͡pĩk] |
| /lalã/ | [lalã] |
| /kõngĩ/ | [kõŋgĩ] |
| /tog͡ba/ | [tog͡ba] |
| /gʷanlde/ | [gʷãnlle] |
| /getas/ | [getas] |
| /g͡bamte/ | [g͡bãtte] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 57046146214.