Phonemic inventory

Syllable structure

(C)V

C: a consonant
V: a vowel

Allophony

• Consonants [p g ɢʷ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following consonant other than a resonant. Before a voiced stop, [h] are deleted.
• Velar or uvular stops [k kʷ ɢ ...] persistently assimilate in uvularity to a following back consonant other than a semivowel.
• Short non-nasal voiced phones [b ɢ w ...] become voiceless [p q w̥ ...] before a voiceless glottal fricative.
• Non-glottal stop non-nasal resonants [r̥ ʀ̥ ʀʷ ...] assimilate in voice to a preceding consonant other than a resonant.
• Stops [p k q ...] assimilate in voice to a preceding stop.
• High vowels and semivowels [w̥ w i i̥] persistently become non-high [o̯̥ o̯ e e̥] before a non-near-high vowel or an uvular consonant except a vowel.
• Central vowels [a ḁ] become back [ɑ ɑ̥] before an uvular consonant.
• Stops [p k q ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following consonant other than a resonant and become voiceless word-finally.
• [h] become stops and assimilate in place of articulation to a following back stop.
• Unrounded non-bilabial consonants [t g h ...] become rounded [tʷ gʷ hʷ ...] after a rounded consonant.
• Bilabial stops [p b] become non-bilabial and assimilate in dorsality and uvularity and palatalisation and whether palatal or palatalised velar to a following phone other than [h hʷ].
• Voiceless stops [p kʰ qʰ ...] persistently assimilate in aspiration to a following consonant other than a resonant and become unaspirated word-finally.
• High vowels and semivowels [w̥ w i i̥] persistently become non-high [o̯̥ o̯ e e̥] after a non-near-high vowel or an uvular consonant except a non-near-high vowel or an uvular semivowel.
• Consonants [pʰ g r̥ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding consonant other than a resonant. After a voiced stop, aspirated consonants become unaspirated.

Some words

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