Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Labial | | Palatalised labial | | Laminal alveolar | | Laminal palatalised alveolar | | Palatoalv. | | Palatalised alveopal. | | Palatal | | Velar | | Uvular |
| Nasal | | | m | | | mʲ | | | n̻ | | | n̻ʲ | | | | | | | | | ɲ | | | ŋ | | | ɴ |
| Prenasalised stop | | | mb | | | mbʲ | | | nd̻ | | | nd̻ʲ | | | nḏ | | | nḏʲ | | | ɲɟ | | | ŋg | | | ɴɢ |
| Stop | | p | b | | pʲ | bʲ | | t̻ | d̻ | | t̻ʲ | d̻ʲ | | ṯ | ḏ | | ṯʲ | ḏʲ | | c | ɟ | | k | g | | q | ɢ |
| Fricative | | f | v | | fʲ | vʲ | | s̻ | z̻ | | s̻ʲ | z̻ʲ | | ʃ | ʒ | | ɕ | ʑ | | | | | | | | | |
| Resonant | | | | | | | | | r̻ | | | | | | | | | | | | j | | | | | | |
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
| High | | i | | | | u |
| Mid-low | | ɛ | | | | ɔ |
| Low | | | | a | | |
Syllable structure
(C1)(C2)V(C3)
C1: a consonant
C2: one of /ɟ v vʲ r̻ j/
V: a vowel
C3: one of /m mʲ n̻ n̻ʲ ɲ ŋ ɴ ɟ v vʲ r̻ j/
Allophony
- Non-nasal consonants other than prenasalised stops [p ṯʲ vʲ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Non-nasal consonants other than prenasalised stops [p ḏʲ s̻ ...] assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Coronal obstruents or nasals [n̻ d̻ s̻ ...] assimilate in anteriority and retroflexion to a following coronal consonant other than a stop or nasal.
- Coronal obstruents or nasals [n̻ t̻ s̻ ...] assimilate in anteriority and retroflexion to a following fricative sibilant.
- Non-glottal fricative non-nasal resonants [r̻̥ r̻ j̥ j] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent.
- Prenasalised stops [mb nd̻ʲ ɲɟ ...] persistently become non-prenasalised [b d̻ʲ ɟ ...] after an obstruent.
- Non-nasal consonants other than prenasalised stops [p ḏʲ s̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-nasal consonants other than prenasalised stops [p ḏʲ s̻ ...] assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-prenasalised obstruents [p ṯʲ fʲ ...] assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Prenasalised stops [mb nd̻ʲ ɲɟ ...] become nasals [m n̻ʲ ɲ ...] before an obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal coronal nasals [n̻ n̻ʲ ṉ ṉʲ] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Alveopalatal stops or nasals [ṉʲ nḏʲ ṯʲ ḏʲ] become non-affricate non-coronal palatal [ɲ ɲɟ c ɟ] before a palatal stop or nasal.
- Alveolar obstruents or nasals [n̻ t̻ s̻ ...] become palatoalveolar [ṉ ṯ ʃ ...] after a palatoalveolar obstruent or nasal.
- Non-pharyngeal consonants other than uvular consonants or semivowels or palatal stops or nasals [m nḏʲ g ...] assimilate in palatalisation to a following consonant.
- Front vowels and semivowels [j̥ j i ɛ] persistently become non-front [ ɨ ɜ] after an uvular stop or nasal. Semivowels are deleted.
- Coronal voiced fricatives [z̻ z̻ʲ ʒ ʑ] become non-lateral non-nasal trills [r̻ r̻ r̻ r̻] before an alveolar trill. Palatoalveolar fricatives become alveolar; palatalised fricatives become non-front.
- Obstruents [mb t̻ ɢ ...] become nasals [m n̻ ɴ ...] after a nasal. Voiceless obstruents become voiced; fricative sibilants become non-sibilant coronal nasals; labiodental fricatives become bilabial nasals.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [m mb bʲ ...] assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
- [a] become [ɜ] before a nasal.
- [a] become [ɜ] before a nasal.
Some words
| /r̻uɴʒu/ | [r̻uɴṉu] |
| /d̻ʲaz̻a/ | [d̻ʲaz̻a] |
| /ṯu/ | [ṯu] |
| /viu/ | [viu] |
| /z̻ain̻/ | [z̻ain̻] |
| /d̻upr̻a/ | [d̻upr̻̥a] |
| /ɛr̻ɛ/ | [ɛr̻ɛ] |
| /d̻r̻iṯʲva/ | [d̻r̻iḏva] |
| /t̻ʲamfu/ | [t̻ʲɜmmu] |
| /ɟɔd̻ɛn̻/ | [ɟɔd̻ɛn̻] |
| /ɢia/ | [ɢɨa] |
| /ʒa/ | [ʒa] |
| /z̻ɛpi/ | [z̻ɛpi] |
| /ɟaɕvʲɛ/ | [ɟaʑvʲɛ] |
| /ḏɛga/ | [ḏɛga] |
| /ɴɢat̻ʲa/ | [ɴɢat̻ʲa] |
| /fimɛr̻/ | [fimɛr̻̥] |
| /bumʲɛ/ | [bumʲɛ] |
| /jafva/ | [javva] |
| /t̻ʲun̻/ | [t̻ʲun̻] |
| /n̻id̻r̻ɔ/ | [n̻id̻r̻ɔ] |
| /vun̻ʲuɴ/ | [vun̻ʲuɴ] |
| /ganḏa/ | [ganḏa] |
| /ḏɛu/ | [ḏɛu] |
| /qɛn̻qi/ | [qɜɴɴɨ] |
| /z̻ʲɔn̻ʲbʲa/ | [z̻ʲɔmʲmʲa] |
| /pɛt̻ɔn̻/ | [pɛt̻ɔn̻] |
| /ɟii/ | [ɟii] |
| /apɔ/ | [apɔ] |
| /ʑr̻ɛɴṯɔ/ | [r̻r̻ɛɴṉɔ] |
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