Phonemic inventory

Syllable structure

(C)V

C: a consonant
V: a vowel

Allophony

• [b t̻ d̻ t d k g t͡s̻ d͡z̻ t͡s d͡z t͡ʃ d͡ʒ f θ s̻ θ̺ s ʃ] become ejective before a non-nasal glottal stop. Voiced stops become ejective; obstruents other than stops become stops; [f] become [pʼ].
• Palatoalveolar affricates [t͡ʃ t͡ʃʼ d͡ʒ] become non-affricate non-coronal palatal [c cʼ ɟ] before a palatal nasal.
• Coronal consonants [n̻ t͡sʼ̻ ð ...] persistently assimilate in anteriority and retroflexion to a following coronal consonant other than a non-affricate stop or nasal or [ɾ]. Before a palatoalveolar obstruent, non-sibilant coronal obstruents become sibilants; non-affricate stops become affricates.
• [ɾ̱̺] persistently become [d͡ʒ̺].
• [ɾ̱̺] persistently become [j].
• Alveolar obstruents [t̻ t͡s̻ ð ...] assimilate in sibilancy to a following coronal fricative. Before a fricative sibilant, non-affricate stops become affricates.
• Labial obstruents or nasals [m pʼ f ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
• [ɾ̱̺] become [d͡ʒ̺] before a velar consonant.
• Non-ejective obstruents [b t͡s̻ v ...] assimilate in voice to a preceding non-nasal consonant other than a resonant.
• Consonants other than semivowels or [pʼ p̪ʼ tʼ̻ tʼ cʼ kʼ t͡θʼ t͡sʼ̻ t͡θ̺ʼ t͡sʼ t͡ʃʼ t͡ʃ̺ʼ], i.e. [m k f ...], persistently assimilate in voice to a following non-nasal consonant other than a resonant. Before a voiced obstruent, [ʔ h] are deleted. Before a voiceless consonant, nasals become non-nasal; [ṉ ṉ̺] become [t͡ʃ t͡ʃ̺].
• Coronal consonants [n̻ t͡sʼ̻ ð ...] assimilate in anteriority and retroflexion to a preceding coronal consonant. After a palatoalveolar consonant, non-sibilant coronal obstruents become sibilants; non-affricate stops become affricates.
• Consonants other than [pʼ p̪ʼ tʼ̻ tʼ cʼ kʼ t͡θʼ t͡sʼ̻ t͡θ̺ʼ t͡sʼ t͡ʃʼ t͡ʃ̺ʼ], i.e. [m g θ ...], persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal. After a voiced obstruent or nasal, [ʔ h] are deleted. After a voiceless obstruent, nasals become non-nasal; [ṉ ṉ̺] become [t͡ʃ t͡ʃ̺].
• Coronal obstruents or nasals [n̻ t͡s̻ t͡ʃ̺ʼ ...] persistently assimilate in laminality to a following coronal consonant.
• Short voiced phones other than non-near-high vowels [m ɟ z̻ ...] become voiceless [p c s̻ ...] between a voiceless consonant or word-initially and a voiceless consonant. Nasals become non-nasal; [ṉ ṉ̺] become [t͡ʃ t͡ʃ̺].
• Non-ejective voiceless stops [p c t͡θ̺ ...] persistently become aspirated [pʰ cʰ t͡θ̺ʰ ...] before a glottal fricative.
• Nasals [m n̻ ṉ ...] persistently become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
• Non-ejective voiceless obstruents [pʰ kʰ t͡ʃ ...] become ejective [pʼ kʼ t͡ʃʼ ...] before a glottal stop. Aspirated stops become unaspirated; obstruents other than stops become stops; [f] become [pʼ].
• Consonants other than [pʼ p̪ʼ tʼ̻ tʼ cʼ kʼ t͡θʼ t͡sʼ̻ t͡θ̺ʼ t͡sʼ t͡ʃʼ t͡ʃ̺ʼ], i.e. [m kʰ β ...], persistently assimilate in voice to a following consonant other than a resonant. Before a voiced obstruent or nasal, aspirated consonants become unaspirated; [ʔ] are deleted. Before a voiceless consonant other than a resonant, nasals become non-nasal; [ṉ ṉ̺] become [t͡ʃ t͡ʃ̺].

Some words

Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 30398717182.