Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Bilabial | | Alveolar | | Palatoalv. sibilant / palatal | | Palatalised velar | | Velar | | Rounded velar | | Uvular | | Glottal |
| Nasal | | | | m | | | | n | | | | ɲ | | | | ŋʲ | | | | ŋ | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Stop | | pʰ | p | b | | tʰ | t | d | | t͡ʃʰ | t͡ʃ | | | | | | | kʰ | k | g | | | | gʷ | | | | | | | ʔ | |
| Fricative | | | | | | | s | | | | ʃ | | | | | | | | xˡ | | | | | | | | χ | | | h | | |
| Approximant | | | | | | | | l | | | | ʎ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Vowels
| | Front | | Back |
| High | | i | | | u | |
| Low | | | | | ɑ | ɑ̃ |
Syllable structure
(C1)(C2)V(C3)
C1: a consonant
C2: one of /g gʷ l ʎ/
V: a vowel
C3: a consonant
Allophony
- Coronal consonants [n d s ...] persistently assimilate in laminality to a following coronal consonant.
- Vowels other than [ɑ̃], i.e. [i u ɑ], become nasal [ĩ ũ ɑ̃] before a nasal vowel.
- Dorsal consonants [ɲ kʰ gʷ ...] persistently assimilate in highness or uvularity to a following dorsal consonant. Before [χ], [ɲ ŋʲ] become [ɴ ɴ]; consonant laterals become non-lateral.
- Unaspirated voiceless stops [p t q ...] persistently become aspirated [pʰ tʰ qʰ ...] before a glottal fricative.
- Consonants other than affricates [m d̻ ʔ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding consonant other than an approximant. After a voiceless consonant, nasals become non-nasal; [ɲ ŋʲ] become [k̟ k]. After a voiced stop or nasal, aspirated consonants become unaspirated; [ʔ] are deleted.
- Voiceless stops [pʰ t q ...] assimilate in aspiration to a following consonant other than an approximant.
- Non-low vowels [i ĩ u ũ] persistently become non-high [e ẽ o õ] after a non-near-high vowel or an uvular consonant except a non-near-high vowel or an uvular semivowel.
- Palatal nasals [ɲ ŋʲ] persistently assimilate in whether palatal or palatalised velar to a following one of [ɲ ŋʲ].
- Obstruents other than affricates [pʰ k z̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following consonant other than an approximant. Before a voiced obstruent or nasal, aspirated stops become unaspirated.
- Coronal consonants [n̻ t͡ʃʰ ʃ ...] persistently assimilate in anteriority and retroflexion to a following obstruent sibilant. Before a palatoalveolar obstruent, non-affricate stops become affricate sibilants; approximant laterals become non-coronal dorsal front; [d̻ d] become [t͡ʃ t͡ʃ̺].
- Unrounded non-front non-bilabial consonants other than [kʰ̟ k̟ g̟], i.e. [n̻ qʰ z ...], become rounded [n̻ʷ qʷʰ zʷ ...] before a rounded stop.
- Non-glottal stop obstruents other than unaspirated affricates [pʰ kʷ sʷ ...] assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal. After a voiced obstruent or nasal, aspirated stops become unaspirated; affricates become voiceless.
- Consonants other than unaspirated affricates [m g̟ ʒ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following consonant other than an approximant and become voiceless word-finally. Before a voiced obstruent or nasal, aspirated consonants become unaspirated; affricates become voiceless; glottal stops become unrounded non-glottal stop dorsal; [hʷ] become [ɣ̟]. Before a voiceless consonant other than an approximant or pause, nasals become non-nasal; palatoalveolar nasals become affricate sibilants; [ɲ ŋʲ] become [k̟ k].
- Nasals [m ṉ ŋʲ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Voiceless stops [pʰ kʰ t͡sʰ ...] assimilate in aspiration to a preceding consonant other than an approximant.
- Unaspirated voiceless stops [p k t͡s ...] become aspirated [pʰ kʰ t͡sʰ ...] after an aspirated consonant.
- Coronal consonants [n̻ t͡s̻ʰ s ...] assimilate in laminality to a following coronal consonant.
Some words
| /lɑsɑ/ | [lɑsɑ] |
| /iti/ | [iti] |
| /ʎɑ̃ʃli/ | [ʎɑ̃ʃ̺l̥i] |
| /ʃɑ/ | [ʃɑ] |
| /χginɑ̃s/ | [xkinɑ̃s] |
| /siŋɑ̃/ | [siŋɑ̃] |
| /tʰlɑ̃/ | [tʰl̥ɑ̃] |
| /gʷi/ | [gʷi] |
| /husɲu/ | [husk̟u] |
| /nlillɑ̃/ | [nlillɑ̃] |
| /sgʷihʎikʰ/ | [sʷkʷihʎ̥ikʰ] |
| /slɑ̃/ | [sl̥ɑ̃] |
| /lɑt͡ʃ/ | [lɑt͡ʃ] |
| /sɑ̃lɑ̃t/ | [sɑ̃lɑ̃t] |
| /ʎɑt͡ʃχɑ̃t͡ʃʰ/ | [ʎɑt͡ʃχɑ̃t͡ʃʰ] |
| /gʷiχʎus/ | [gʷixʎ̥us] |
| /gitsʎɑ̃/ | [gitsʎ̥ɑ̃] |
| /siu/ | [siu] |
| /lgʷɑʃɑ̃/ | [lʷgʷɑʃɑ̃] |
| /kɑgʷgʷu/ | [kɑgʷgʷu] |
| /t͡ʃilʎɑ̃/ | [t͡ʃilʎɑ̃] |
| /gitsi/ | [gitsi] |
| /ʃɑ/ | [ʃɑ] |
| /gugsʎɑ/ | [gugzʎɑ] |
| /hlɑ̃ŋʎɑtʰ/ | [hl̥ɑ̃ŋʎɑtʰ] |
| /tɑ̃gʷi/ | [tɑ̃gʷi] |
| /ʃluχ/ | [ʃ̺l̥uχ] |
| /llit͡ʃiχ/ | [llit͡ʃiχ] |
| /ɑ̃χχɑŋ/ | [ɑ̃χχɑk] |
| /ɲungʷɑ̃/ | [ɲuŋʷgʷɑ̃] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 51802207587.