Phonemic inventory

Syllable structure

(C₁)V(C₂)(C₃)

C₁: a consonant
V: a vowel
C₂: one of /m n ɸ h l/
C₃: a consonant

Allophony

• Nasals [m n] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation between an obstruent or nasal and an obstruent or nasal.
• Non-back non-low vowels [i ɪː ø ...] become central [ɨ ɪ̈ː ɵ ...] before a consonant.
• Consonants [m t t͡s ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding consonant other than [l]. After a voiced consonant other than [l], [ʔ h] are deleted. After a voiceless consonant, nasals become non-nasal.
• Non-glottal fricative obstruents [p k ɸ ...] assimilate in voice to a preceding non-nasal consonant other than an approximant.
• Voiceless stops [p t k t͡s] become ejective [pʼ tʼ kʼ t͡sʼ] before a non-nasal glottal stop.
• Nasals [m n ŋ] persistently become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following non-lateral obstruent or nasal.
• Short glottals [ʔ h] are deleted between a vowel and a vowel.
• Obstruents [p d t͡sʼ ...] assimilate in voice to a following consonant other than an approximant. Before a voiced consonant other than [l], ejective stops become non-ejective.
• Consonants [m tʼ d͡z ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal. Before a voiceless obstruent, nasals become non-nasal. Before a voiced consonant other than [l], ejective consonants become non-ejective; [h] are deleted.
• Mid vowels [e ɵ œː ...] become high [i ʉ ʏː ...] before a velar voiced nasal.
• Voiceless stops [p t kʼ ...] become aspirated [pʰ tʰ kʰ ...] before a glottal fricative. Ejective stops become non-ejective.

Some words

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