Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Bilabial | | Laminal alveolar | | Laminal alveolar sibilant | | Velar |
| Nasal | | | | | m | | | | | n̻ | | | | | | | | | | |
| Stop | | pʰ | p | pʼ | b | | t̻ʰ | t̻ | t̻ʼ | d̻ | | t͡s̻ʰ | t͡s̻ | t͡s̻ʼ | d͡z̻ | | kʰ | k | kʼ | g |
| Fricative | | | | | | | | | | | | | s̻ | | | | | x | | |
| Approximant | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | w |
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
| High | | i | | | | u |
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
| Low | | | | a | | |
Syllable structure
(C1)V(C2)
C1: a consonant
V: a vowel
C2: a consonant
Allophony
- Non-ejective unaspirated obstruents [p d̻ t͡s̻ ...] assimilate in voice to a preceding consonant other than [w].
- Nasals [m n̻] persistently become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following consonant other than [w].
- Obstruents other than [z̻ ɣ], i.e. [pʰ t̻ʼ t͡s̻ʰ ...], persistently assimilate in glottalisation to a following obstruent and become word-finally. Before an ejective stop or pause, voiced stops become ejective; aspirated stops become unaspirated.
- Front vowels [i e] become central [ɨ ɘ] after a velar semivowel.
- Before a bilabial stop or nasal, alveolar obstruents or nasals become non-alveolar bilabial stops or nasals; velar consonants other than [w] become non-velar non-velar bilabial stops or nasals; affricates become non-alveolar labiodental fricatives; [t͡s̻ʰ] become [f].
- Consonants other than ejective stops [m d̻ fʼ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding consonant other than [w]. After a voiceless obstruent, nasals are deleted. After a voiced consonant other than [w], aspirated stops become unaspirated; ejective fricatives become non-ejective.
- Non-ejective voiceless stops [pʰ t̻ʰ k ...] persistently assimilate in aspiration to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants other than ejective stops [m d̻ v ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal. Before a voiceless consonant other than [w̥], nasals are deleted. Before a voiced consonant other than [w], aspirated stops become unaspirated; ejective fricatives become non-ejective.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [m p f ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
- Obstruents other than [β v z̻ ɣ], i.e. [pʰ t̻ t͡s̻ʼ ...], assimilate in glottalisation to a preceding obstruent. After an ejective obstruent, aspirated stops become unaspirated; voiced stops become ejective.
- Non-ejective voiceless stops [pʰ p̪ kʰ ...] assimilate in aspiration to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /t͡s̻ʰo/ | [t͡s̻ʰo] |
| /kot̻ʼn̻i/ | [kot̻ʼi] |
| /n̻ipʼmat̻ʼ/ | [n̻ipʼat̻] |
| /kʰomab/ | [kʰomab] |
| /uxo/ | [uxo] |
| /pʼas̻ipʼ/ | [pʼas̻ip] |
| /n̻et͡s̻ʼipʰ/ | [n̻et͡s̻ʼipʰ] |
| /t͡s̻ʼen̻ut̻/ | [t͡s̻ʼen̻ut̻] |
| /pʼukʰepʼ/ | [pʼukʰep] |
| /mia/ | [mia] |
| /gemt̻o/ | [gen̻d̻o] |
| /t͡s̻ʼobs̻u/ | [t͡s̻ʼobz̻u] |
| /ut̻e/ | [ut̻e] |
| /s̻ukʼo/ | [s̻ukʼo] |
| /n̻ubt̻ʼot͡s̻/ | [n̻upʼt̻ʼot͡s̻] |
| /ad̻u/ | [ad̻u] |
| /s̻ixad͡z̻/ | [s̻ixad͡z̻] |
| /t͡s̻ʼami/ | [t͡s̻ʼami] |
| /d̻od̻pʰo/ | [d̻obbo] |
| /xamet̻ʼ/ | [xamet̻] |
| /n̻akʼad̻/ | [n̻akʼad̻] |
| /n̻ot̻e/ | [n̻ot̻e] |
| /kʼet̻ʼ/ | [kʼet̻] |
| /t̻ʰabn̻et̻ʼ/ | [t̻ʰabn̻et̻] |
| /kapo/ | [kapo] |
| /kʰis̻u/ | [kʰis̻u] |
| /xid̻pʼe/ | [xipʼpʼe] |
| /t̻owa/ | [t̻owa] |
| /pʰen̻t̻u/ | [pʰen̻d̻u] |
| /kot͡s̻ut͡s̻ʼ/ | [kot͡s̻ut͡s̻] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 27728845717.