Phonemic inventory

Syllable structure

(C)V

C: a consonant
V: a vowel

Allophony

• Obstruents [p t g ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following non-nasal consonant other than [ɾ].
• Short non-prenasalised non-alveolar voiced stops [b g] become fricatives [β ɣ] between a vowel or resonant and a vowel.
• Non-nasal consonants [p k z ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following consonant other than [ɾ]. Before a voiced consonant other than [ɾ], [h] are deleted.
• Nasals [m n ŋ] persistently become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
• Voiceless stops [p t k] become aspirated [pʰ tʰ kʰ] after a glottal fricative.
• Aspirated stops [pʰ tʰ kʰ] persistently become unaspirated [p t k].
• Non-nasal consonants [pʰ kʰ z ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal. After a voiced consonant other than [ɾ], aspirated consonants become unaspirated.
• Non-glottal stop unaspirated non-nasal taps [ɾ̥ ɾ] assimilate in voice to a preceding non-nasal consonant other than a resonant.
• Voiceless obstruents [pʰ t ɸ ...] become ejective [pʼ tʼ ɸʼ ...] word-finally. Aspirated stops become unaspirated; [s] become [t͡sʼ].
• Non-nasal vowels [i u o ...] become nasal [ĩ ũ õ ...] before a nasal phone.

Some words

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