Phonemic inventory

Syllable structure

(C)V

C: a consonant
V: a vowel

Allophony

• Voiceless obstruents [p tʼ k ...] assimilate in glottalisation to a following non-nasal consonant other than an approximant and become non-ejective word-finally.
• Non-palatal consonants [m t f ...] become front [mʲ tʲ fʲ ...] before a palatal consonant.
• Non-pharyngeal velar stops [k kʼ g] become palatal [c cʼ ɟ] before a front high vowel or a high palatal semivowel.
• Consonants [m tʼ fʼ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal. Before a voiceless obstruent, nasals become non-nasal. Before a voiced stop or nasal, ejective obstruents become non-ejective; fricative sibilants become approximants; labiodental fricatives become bilabial nasals; glottal fricatives become non-glottal fricative palatal or velar.
• Nasals [m mʲ n nʲ] persistently become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
• Non-back vowels and non-velarised semivowels [j̥ i ɛ ...] become back [h ɯ ʌ ...] before a velar stop or nasal. Semivowels become non-velar glottal fricatives.
• Labial obstruents or nasals [m p bʲ ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
• Labial obstruents or nasals [m pʼʲ ɸ ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
• Consonants [m pʲ̪ ɸʲ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding consonant other than an approximant. After a voiceless consonant other than an approximant, nasals become non-nasal. After a voiced stop or nasal, ejective obstruents become non-ejective; non-alveolar fricatives become nasals; fricative sibilants become approximants; labiodental fricatives become bilabial; glottal fricatives become non-glottal fricative palatal or velar.
• Mid-low vowels [ɛ ʌ ɔ] become tense [e ɤ o] before a high semivowel.
• Obstruents [p t ɸ ...] assimilate in voice to a following non-nasal consonant other than an approximant. Before a voiced stop, ejective obstruents become non-ejective; non-alveolar obstruents other than stops become nasals; labiodental obstruents other than stops become bilabial; fricative sibilants become approximants.
• [p pʼ pʲ pʼʲ p̪ pʼ̪ pʲ̪ pʼʲ̪ t tʼ tʲ tʼʲ c cʼ k kʼ ɸʼ ɸʼʲ fʼ fʼʲ sʼ sʼʲ] become aspirated after a glottal fricative. Obstruents other than stops become unaspirated; ejective obstruents become non-ejective.

Some words

Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 19677355443.