Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Labial | | Laminal alveolar | | Palatal | | Velar | | Glottal |
| Nasal | | | m | | | n̻ | | | | | | | | | |
| Stop | | p | b | | t̻ | d̻ | | | | | k | g | | | |
| Fricative | | f | v | | s̻ | z̻ | | | | | x | ɣ | | h | |
| Approximant | | | | | | l̻ | | | j | | | w | | | |
Vowels
| | Front | | Back |
| High | | i | y | | | u |
| Mid-low | | | œ | | | |
| Low | | æ | | | ɑ | |
Syllable structure
(C1)V(h)(C3)
C1: a consonant
V: a vowel
C3: a consonant other than /j/
Allophony
- Labiodental fricatives [f v] become non-labial velar rounded semivowels [w̥ w] after an obstruent.
- Vowels [i u æ ...] become nasal [ĩ ũ æ̃ ...] before a glottal fricative.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [m p f ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
- Obstruents [p d̻ f ...] assimilate in voice to a following obstruent and become voiceless word-finally.
- Non-nasal consonants [p g x ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal. Before a voiced obstruent or nasal, [h] are deleted.
- Unrounded non-labial consonants other than [h], i.e. [n̻ g ɣ ...], become rounded [n̻ʷ gʷ ɣʷ ...] before a rounded semivowel. Palatal semivowels become unrounded non-palatal glottal fricatives.
- Non-lateral alveolar voiced obstruents or nasals [n̻ d̻ z̻ ...] become non-nasal approximant laterals [l̻ l̻ l̻ ...] before an alveolar approximant.
- Non-pharyngeal unrounded velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become palatal [c ɟ ç ʝ] before a front vowel or semivowel.
- Non-glottal stop approximants [l̻̥ l̻ʷ̥ j ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding non-nasal consonant other than an approximant.
- Short non-glottal stop non-prenasalised non-alveolar voiced stops [b b̪ g ...] become fricatives [β v ɣ ...] between a vowel or an approximant and a vowel or semivowel.
- Nasals [m ɱ n̻ n̻ʷ] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent.
- Non-nasal consonants [p kʷ x ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding consonant other than an approximant. After a voiced obstruent or nasal, [h] are deleted.
- Alveolar stops [t̻ d̻ t̻ʷ d̻ʷ] become affricate sibilants [t͡s̻ d͡z̻ t͡s̻ʷ d͡z̻ʷ] before a non-nasal alveolar fricative.
- Voiceless stops [p t̻ʷ kʷ ...] become aspirated [pʰ t̻ʰʷ kʰʷ ...] before a glottal fricative.
Some words
| /z̻id̻n̻uw/ | [z̻id̻n̻uw] |
| /t̻ɑs̻yv/ | [t̻ɑs̻yf] |
| /æg/ | [æk] |
| /n̻um/ | [n̻um] |
| /ɑt̻uɣ/ | [ɑt̻ux] |
| /gɑæ/ | [gɑæ] |
| /min̻d̻y/ | [min̻d̻y] |
| /gywd̻yhd̻/ | [ɟywd̻ỹht̻] |
| /fɑd̻yl̻/ | [fɑd̻yl̻] |
| /gymul̻/ | [ɟymul̻] |
| /pɑl̻n̻iw/ | [pɑl̻n̻iw] |
| /l̻ixi/ | [l̻içi] |
| /ægu/ | [æɣu] |
| /ɣu/ | [ɣu] |
| /gymbɑhɣ/ | [ɟymbɑ̃hx] |
| /gæd̻z̻œl̻/ | [ɟæd͡z̻z̻œl̻] |
| /kin̻t̻ihm/ | [cin̻d̻ĩm] |
| /gus̻ɑv/ | [gus̻ɑf] |
| /gæn̻ɑ/ | [ɟæn̻ɑ] |
| /guæ/ | [guæ] |
| /uxi/ | [uçi] |
| /n̻æh/ | [n̻æ̃h] |
| /d̻ygs̻i/ | [d̻yks̻i] |
| /it̻mɑw/ | [id̻mɑw] |
| /wugt̻ɑ/ | [wukt̻ɑ] |
| /wugvu/ | [wuɣʷwu] |
| /yn̻ɑ/ | [yn̻ɑ] |
| /kukɑk/ | [kukɑk] |
| /pɑpgi/ | [pɑbɟi] |
| /ɑd̻n̻ih/ | [ɑd̻n̻ĩh] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 75443096864.