Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Bilabial-velar | | Bilabial-uvular | | Labial | | Alveolar | | Alveolar sibilant | | Retroflex | | Retroflex sibilant | | Velar | | Rounded velar | | Uvular | | Rounded uvular |
| Nasal | | | ŋ͡m | | | ɴ͡m | | | m | | | n | | | | | | ɳ | | | | | | ŋ | | | | | | ɴ | | | |
| Stop | | k͡p | g͡b | | q͡p | ɢ͡b | | p | b | | t | d | | t͡s | d͡z | | ʈ | ɖ | | ʈ͡ʂ | ɖ͡ʐ | | k | g | | kʷ | | | q | ɢ | | qʷ | |
| Fricative | | | | | | | | f | v | | θ̺ | ð̺ | | s | z | | | | | ʂ | ʐ | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Resonant | | | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | | | | | ɽ | | | | | | | | | w | | | | | | |
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
| High | | i | | | | u |
| Mid-low | | ɛ | | | | ɔ |
| Low | | | | a | | |
Syllable structure
(C1)V(C2)
C1: a consonant
V: a vowel
C2: one of /ŋ ɴ kʷ qʷ w/
Allophony
- Front vowels [i ɛ] become non-front [ɨ ɜ] before a semivowel.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [ŋ͡m k͡p p ...] assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
- Velar or uvular stops or nasals [ŋ͡m k͡p ɢ͡b̪ ...] persistently assimilate in uvularity to a following back consonant other than [w].
- Alveolar consonants [n t͡s ð̺ ...] persistently become retroflex [ɳ ʈ͡ʂ ʐ ...] after a retroflex consonant. [θ̺ ð̺] become [ʂ ʐ].
- Non-retroflex alveolar consonants [n t͡s ð̺ ...] persistently become retroflex [ɳ ʈ͡ʂ ʐ ...] after a retroflex consonant. [θ̺ ð̺] become [ʂ ʐ].
- [a] become [ɑ] after an uvular stop or nasal.
- [a] become [ɑ] after an uvular stop or nasal.
- Nasals [ŋ͡m ɴ͡ɱ n ...] persistently become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Mid-low vowels [ɛ ɜ ɔ] become low [a a ɒ] before an uvular stop or nasal. [ɛ] become [a].
- Alveolar consonants [n t͡s ð̺ ...] become retroflex [ɳ ʈ͡ʂ ʐ ...] after a retroflex consonant. [θ̺ ð̺] become [ʂ ʐ].
- Front vowels [i ɛ] become non-front [ɨ ɜ] before an uvular stop or nasal.
- Unrounded velar or uvular stops or nasals [ŋ͡m k͡p q͡p̪ ...] become rounded [ŋ͡mʷ k͡pʷ q͡pʷ̪ ...] before a high rounded vowel or semivowel.
- Non-nasal consonants [k͡p p t͡s ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Obstruents [k͡p ɢ͡bʷ̪ qʷ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Non-nasal consonants [k͡p b ʈ͡ʂ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /taʈɔ/ | [taʈɔ] |
| /maθ̺u/ | [maθ̺u] |
| /d͡zuwu/ | [d͡zuwu] |
| /mifi/ | [mifi] |
| /vufɔ/ | [vufɔ] |
| /piɽa/ | [piɽa] |
| /nika/ | [nika] |
| /faʈi/ | [faʈi] |
| /ŋia/ | [ŋia] |
| /ŋudu/ | [ŋʷudu] |
| /witɛ/ | [witɛ] |
| /ɴimi/ | [ɴimi] |
| /nɔmu/ | [nɔmu] |
| /bad͡zi/ | [bad͡zi] |
| /buaɴmɛɴ/ | [buammaɴ] |
| /ʈikʷa/ | [ʈikʷa] |
| /uɽa/ | [uɽa] |
| /wafɛ/ | [wafɛ] |
| /piwbiŋ/ | [pɨwbiŋ] |
| /k͡pɔi/ | [k͡pɔi] |
| /ɾida/ | [ɾida] |
| /ɾiɾɔɴ/ | [ɾiɾɒɴ] |
| /taɾi/ | [taɾi] |
| /ɛqa/ | [aqɑ] |
| /ŋ͡manakʷ/ | [ŋ͡manakʷ] |
| /k͡pau/ | [k͡pau] |
| /qiaɴ/ | [qiaɴ] |
| /wɔqʷɛ/ | [wɒqʷɛ] |
| /tuqʷa/ | [tuqʷɑ] |
| /ɴɛɔ/ | [ɴɛɔ] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 60110828278.