Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Labial | | Laminal alveolar | | Laminal alveolar sibilant | | Velar | | Rounded velar | | Glottal |
| Nasal | | | | m | m̰ | | | | n̻ | n̻̰ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Stop | | p | | | | | t̻ | | | | | t͡s̻ | | | | | k | | | | | kʷ | | | | | | ʔ | | ##̰ |
| Fricative | | f | | | | | | | | | | s̻ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Approximant | | | | | | | | | l̻ | l̻̰ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | w | w̰ | | | | | |
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
| High | | i | ḭ | | | | | | | | | u | ṵ | | |
| Mid-low | | ɛ | ɛ̰ | ɛ̃ | ɛ̰̃ | | | | | | | ɔ | ɔ̰ | ɔ̃ | ɔ̰̃ |
| Low | | | | | | | a | a̰ | ã | ã̰ | | | | | |
Syllable structure
(C1)V(C2)
C1: a consonant
V: a vowel
C2: an unrounded consonant (i.e. not /kʷ w w̰/) other than /t͡s̻/
Allophony
- Obstruents [p k t͡s̻ ...] become voiced [b g d͡z̻ ...] before a non-nasal voiced consonant except an approximant.
- Stops [p d̻ kʷ ...] persistently become glottalised [pʼ d̻̰ kʼʷ ...] after a non-nasal glottalised phone except a non-nasal creaky-voiced vowel or approximant.
- Nasals [m m̰ n̻ n̻̰] persistently become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent.
- Consonants [m b̰ ʔ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding consonant other than an approximant. After a voiceless consonant, approximant laterals become obstruents or nasals; [w w̰] become [xʷ xʷ]; [l̻̰] become [ɬ̻].
- [z̻] persistently become [l̻] after an alveolar approximant.
- Non-ejective voiced vowels and non-glottal stop voiced consonants other than fricatives [m d̻ u ...] persistently become creaky-voiced [m̰ d̻̰ ṵ ...] before a creaky-voiced consonant.
- Non-ejective voiced vowels and non-glottal stop voiced consonants [m g i ...] persistently become creaky-voiced [m̰ g̰ ḭ ...] before a creaky-voiced consonant.
- [z̻̰] persistently become [d͡z̻̰].
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar stops or nasals [n̥̻ n̻ tʼ̻ ...] are persistently deleted between a stop or nasal and an obstruent.
- Non-pharyngeal unrounded consonants [m̥ ŋ ʔ ...] become front [mʲ̥ ɲ ʔʲ ...] after a front high vowel. Alveolar obstruents or nasals become alveopalatal; non-sibilant coronal stops become affricate sibilants; approximants become non-lateral non-coronal palatal.
- Non-pharyngeal unrounded consonants other than palatal consonants [m̥ ŋ̥ t͡s̻ ...] assimilate in palatalisation to a following consonant and become non-front word-finally. Before a front consonant, alveolar obstruents or nasals become alveopalatal; non-sibilant coronal stops become affricate sibilants; approximants become non-lateral non-coronal palatal.
- Short non-glottalised non-glottal fricative voiceless obstruents or nasals [m̥ ŋ̥ʷ t͡ɕ ...] become voiced [m ŋʷ d͡ʑ ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Consonants [m̥ ŋ̥ʷ t͡ʃ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following consonant other than an approximant. Before a voiceless consonant, approximants become obstruents or nasals; [l̻̰ w̰] become [ɬ̻ xʷ].
- Obstruents [p gʷ ɬ̻ ...] assimilate in glottalisation to a following non-nasal consonant other than an approximant. Before a glottalised consonant other than an approximant, fricative laterals become stops.
- [t̻ tʼ̻ d̻ d̻̰ t͡s̻ t͡sʼ̻ d͡z̻ d͡z̻̰ s̻ sʼ̻ z̻ z̻̰ ʃ ʃʼ ʒ ʒ̰ ɕ ɕʼ ʑ ʑ̰] assimilate in sibilancy to a following coronal fricative. Before a fricative lateral, palatoalveolar fricatives become sibilants; obstruents other than stops become stops. Before an obstruent sibilant other than a stop, non-affricate stops become affricates.
Some words
| /t̻i/ | [t̻i] |
| /t̻ak/ | [t̻ak] |
| /fikl̻̰uk/ | [ficɬ̻uk] |
| /mã̰kkãl̻/ | [mã̰kkãl̻] |
| /s̻ã̰l̻puf/ | [s̻ã̰l̻buf] |
| /t͡s̻al̻##̰ã/ | [t͡s̻a̰l̻̰##̰ã] |
| /##̰afik/ | [##̰avic] |
| /t͡s̻ã̰t̻a̰/ | [t͡s̻ã̰d̻a̰] |
| /put̻a̰p/ | [pud̻a̰p] |
| /t͡s̻ãkkik/ | [t͡s̻ãkkic] |
| /l̻ɔ̃fi/ | [l̻ɔ̃vi] |
| /n̻aps̻ɔ̰l̻/ | [n̻aps̻ɔ̰l̻] |
| /fat̻wã/ | [fat̻xʷã] |
| /s̻ɛ̃/ | [s̻ɛ̃] |
| /s̻ãs̻ḭ/ | [s̻ãz̻ḭ] |
| /fɔ̃kḭ/ | [fɔ̃gḭ] |
| /t̻ukt̻ã/ | [t̻ukt̻ã] |
| /t̻ãn̻̰ã/ | [t̻ã̰n̻̰ã] |
| /n̻a̰t͡s̻ɛt̻/ | [n̻a̰d͡z̻ɛt̻] |
| /s̻il̻ap/ | [s̻ijap] |
| /t͡s̻ḭkl̻u/ | [t͡s̻ḭcɬ̻u] |
| /n̻a̰/ | [n̻a̰] |
| /t͡s̻ãs̻mṵ/ | [t͡s̻ãs̻m̥ṵ] |
| /n̻ãs̻ã/ | [n̻ãz̻ã] |
| /l̻̰ɔ̃kṵk/ | [l̻̰ɔ̃gṵk] |
| /t͡s̻afl̻ḭl̻/ | [t͡s̻afɬ̻ḭj] |
| /n̻ɛfḭ/ | [n̻ɛvḭ] |
| /wãn̻̰ik/ | [wã̰n̻̰ic] |
| /kṵt͡s̻if/ | [kṵd͡z̻if] |
| /m̰ã/ | [m̰ã] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 17044697746.