Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡m̻ˠ n̻ˠ t̻ˠ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ˠ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ t̻ˠ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ d̻ˠ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡b̻ˠ s͡f̻ˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m n̻ˠ̥ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /maɾifo/ | [maɾivo] |
| /an̻a/ | [an̻a] |
| /s̻apa/ | [s̻aba] |
| /kapa/ | [kaba] |
| /moaxe/ | [moaɣe] |
| /iɾe/ | [iɾe] |
| /n̻ikun̻e/ | [n̻igʷun̻e] |
| /s̻afot̻a/ | [s̻avod̻a] |
| /t̻an͡m̻a/ | [t̻an͡m̻a] |
| /paai/ | [paai] |
| /t͡p̻in̻axo/ | [t͡p̻in̻aɣʷo] |
| /n͡m̻ue/ | [n͡m̻ue] |
| /n̻as̻i/ | [n̻az̻i] |
| /xeu/ | [xeu] |
| /keui/ | [keui] |
| /fiku/ | [figʷu] |
| /s̻eufa/ | [s̻euva] |
| /ɾan̻ike/ | [ɾan̻ige] |
| /pet̻o/ | [ped̻o] |
| /xefia/ | [xevia] |
| /kas͡f̻ema/ | [kaz͡v̻ema] |
| /n̻akas͡f̻a/ | [n̻agaz͡v̻a] |
| /xis̻as̻i/ | [xiz̻az̻i] |
| /kama/ | [kama] |
| /aɾimi/ | [aɾimi] |
| /t̻ekixixi/ | [t̻egiɣiɣi] |
| /fuka/ | [fuga] |
| /exa/ | [eɣa] |
| /kait̻a/ | [kaid̻a] |
| /kike/ | [kige] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.