Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̥̻ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̥̻ n͡m nˠ̥̻ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̥̻ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /ɾaxixa/ | [ɾaɣiɣa] |
| /aka/ | [aga] |
| /fat̻a/ | [fad̻a] |
| /kat̻a/ | [kad̻a] |
| /ɾain̻e/ | [ɾain̻e] |
| /ipe/ | [ibe] |
| /s̻is͡f̻eke/ | [s̻iz͡v̻ege] |
| /n̻axapa/ | [n̻aɣaba] |
| /mas̻a/ | [maz̻a] |
| /faii/ | [faii] |
| /t̻us̻an̻o/ | [t̻uz̻an̻o] |
| /s̻eo/ | [s̻eo] |
| /kan͡mu/ | [kan͡mu] |
| /n̻ee/ | [n̻ee] |
| /moei/ | [moei] |
| /xike/ | [xige] |
| /foexi/ | [foeɣi] |
| /xakime/ | [xagime] |
| /t̻ema/ | [t̻ema] |
| /n̻exia/ | [n̻eɣia] |
| /mas̻eɾa/ | [maz̻eɾa] |
| /kakas̻a/ | [kagaz̻a] |
| /n̻ifafi/ | [n̻ivavi] |
| /s͡f̻in͡m̻a/ | [s͡f̻in͡m̻a] |
| /axiɾu/ | [aɣiɾu] |
| /pekixin̻i/ | [pegiɣin̻i] |
| /xeka/ | [xega] |
| /en̻a/ | [en̻a] |
| /kaipi/ | [kaibi] |
| /s͡f̻imo/ | [s͡f̻imo] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.