Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̥̻ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̥̻ n͡m nˠ̥̻ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̥̻ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /s̻ikaku/ | [s̻igagʷu] |
| /ima/ | [ima] |
| /faxa/ | [faɣa] |
| /t̻ixi/ | [t̻iɣi] |
| /s̻uan̻e/ | [s̻uan̻e] |
| /ake/ | [age] |
| /mapet͡p̻e/ | [mabed͡b̻e] |
| /fikuka/ | [figʷuga] |
| /ɾimi/ | [ɾimi] |
| /xiaa/ | [xiaa] |
| /n͡m̻aman̻o/ | [n͡m̻aman̻o] |
| /meo/ | [meo] |
| /n͡mifa/ | [n͡miva] |
| /fee/ | [fee] |
| /poea/ | [poea] |
| /n̻at̻e/ | [n̻ad̻e] |
| /xoeka/ | [xʷoega] |
| /kit̻ape/ | [kid̻abe] |
| /xeɾu/ | [xeɾu] |
| /n̻ekaa/ | [n̻egaa] |
| /pames̻i/ | [pamez̻i] |
| /t̻it̻ami/ | [t̻id̻ami] |
| /n̻as͡f̻as͡f̻a/ | [n̻az͡v̻az͡v̻a] |
| /pama/ | [pama] |
| /ikas̻a/ | [igaz̻a] |
| /ket̻an̻an̻a/ | [ked̻an̻an̻a] |
| /ket̻i/ | [ked̻i] |
| /en̻i/ | [en̻i] |
| /t̻iaka/ | [t̻iaga] |
| /papo/ | [pabo] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.