Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡m̻ˠ n̻ˠ t̻ˠ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ˠ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ t̻ˠ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ d̻ˠ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̥̻ d͡b̻ˠ s͡f̻ˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̥̻ n͡m n̥̻ˠ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̥̻ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /ɾixaxo/ | [ɾiɣaɣʷo] |
| /in͡ma/ | [in͡ma] |
| /kan̻a/ | [kan̻a] |
| /min̻i/ | [min̻i] |
| /ɾoake/ | [ɾoage] |
| /as̻e/ | [az̻e] |
| /n͡m̻at̻eme/ | [n͡m̻ad̻eme] |
| /kixofa/ | [kiɣʷova] |
| /s͡f̻ipi/ | [s͡f̻ibi] |
| /t͡p̻iaa/ | [t͡p̻iaa] |
| /n̻an͡m̻ako/ | [n̻an͡m̻agʷo] |
| /n͡m̻eu/ | [n͡m̻eu] |
| /mika/ | [miga] |
| /kee/ | [kee] |
| /t̻uea/ | [t̻uea] |
| /xame/ | [xame] |
| /kuexa/ | [kʷueɣa] |
| /s̻imat̻e/ | [s̻imad̻e] |
| /n̻efo/ | [n̻evo] |
| /kexaa/ | [keɣaa] |
| /t̻apeɾi/ | [t̻abeɾi] |
| /mimapi/ | [mimabi] |
| /kakaka/ | [kagaga] |
| /t̻apa/ | [t̻aba] |
| /ixaɾa/ | [iɣaɾa] |
| /s̻emaxaka/ | [s̻emaɣaga] |
| /xemi/ | [xemi] |
| /eki/ | [egi] |
| /miafa/ | [miava] |
| /t̻at̻u/ | [t̻ad̻u] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.