Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m nˠ̻̥ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /t̻imami/ | [t̻imami] |
| /in̻a/ | [in̻a] |
| /xaxa/ | [xaɣa] |
| /kupu/ | [kʷubu] |
| /t̻ias̻e/ | [t̻iaz̻e] |
| /afe/ | [ave] |
| /n̻akon̻e/ | [n̻agʷon̻e] |
| /ximifa/ | [ximiva] |
| /t͡p̻iɾi/ | [t͡p̻iɾi] |
| /xiaa/ | [xiaa] |
| /pan̻as̻e/ | [pan̻az̻e] |
| /ɾoe/ | [ɾoe] |
| /n̻ixa/ | [n̻iɣa] |
| /s̻eo/ | [s̻eo] |
| /keoa/ | [keoa] |
| /mako/ | [magʷo] |
| /xeoma/ | [xeoma] |
| /min̻ako/ | [min̻agʷo] |
| /pen͡m̻i/ | [pen͡m̻i] |
| /s̻emaa/ | [s̻emaa] |
| /kaɾet̻i/ | [kaɾed̻i] |
| /n̻ikaɾu/ | [n̻igaɾu] |
| /s̻axaxa/ | [s̻aɣaɣa] |
| /kaɾa/ | [kaɾa] |
| /umat̻a/ | [umad̻a] |
| /fokamas̻a/ | [fogamaz̻a] |
| /moki/ | [mogi] |
| /es̻i/ | [ez̻i] |
| /kiafa/ | [kiava] |
| /kake/ | [kage] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.