Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̥̻ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̥̻ n͡m nˠ̥̻ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̥̻ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /xifefa/ | [xiveva] |
| /ipo/ | [ibo] |
| /kot̻o/ | [kʷod̻o] |
| /n̻it̻i/ | [n̻id̻i] |
| /xaeɾa/ | [xaeɾa] |
| /et͡p̻a/ | [ed͡b̻a] |
| /pen̻un͡m̻a/ | [pen̻un͡m̻a] |
| /kifamo/ | [kivamo] |
| /mipi/ | [mibi] |
| /kioe/ | [kioe] |
| /t̻epoka/ | [t̻eboga] |
| /pua/ | [pua] |
| /n͡m̻ike/ | [n͡m̻ige] |
| /kau/ | [kau] |
| /n̻aue/ | [n̻aue] |
| /ɾes̻u/ | [ɾez̻u] |
| /kaufe/ | [kauve] |
| /fas̻en̻a/ | [faz̻en̻a] |
| /t̻ama/ | [t̻ama] |
| /ɾan͡mei/ | [ɾan͡mei] |
| /n̻opaxi/ | [n̻obaɣi] |
| /s̻is̻opi/ | [s̻iz̻obi] |
| /kekoke/ | [kegʷoge] |
| /n̻opo/ | [n̻obo] |
| /ifexe/ | [iveɣe] |
| /mas̻eɾeke/ | [maz̻eɾege] |
| /fus̻i/ | [fuz̻i] |
| /aɾi/ | [aɾi] |
| /s̻iemo/ | [s̻iemo] |
| /n̻en̻a/ | [n̻en̻a] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.