Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡m̻ˠ n̻ˠ t̻ˠ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ˠ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ t̻ˠ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ d̻ˠ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡b̻ˠ s͡f̻ˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m n̻̥ˠ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /n̻amema/ | [n̻amema] |
| /aɾa/ | [aɾa] |
| /kaka/ | [kaga] |
| /t̻aka/ | [t̻aga] |
| /n̻aefi/ | [n̻aevi] |
| /emi/ | [emi] |
| /ɾet̻opi/ | [ɾed̻obi] |
| /kamaxa/ | [kamaɣa] |
| /xaɾa/ | [xaɾa] |
| /kaae/ | [kaae] |
| /n͡m̻eɾas̻u/ | [n͡m̻eɾaz̻u] |
| /ɾoi/ | [ɾoi] |
| /ɾake/ | [ɾage] |
| /s̻io/ | [s̻io] |
| /t̻ioe/ | [t̻ioe] |
| /fepo/ | [febo] |
| /kiome/ | [kiome] |
| /mapet̻o/ | [mabed̻o] |
| /kixu/ | [kiɣʷu] |
| /fimea/ | [fimea] |
| /t̻an͡min̻a/ | [t̻an͡min̻a] |
| /papan͡ma/ | [paban͡ma] |
| /s̻ekake/ | [s̻egage] |
| /t̻at͡p̻a/ | [t̻ad͡b̻a] |
| /amen̻e/ | [amen̻e] |
| /mopefes̻e/ | [mobevez̻e] |
| /mopa/ | [moba] |
| /ifa/ | [iva] |
| /paexa/ | [paeɣa] |
| /t̻et̻i/ | [t̻ed̻i] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.