Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡m̻ˠ n̻ˠ t̻ˠ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ˠ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ t̻ˠ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ d̻ˠ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡b̻ˠ s͡f̻ˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m n̻̥ˠ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /mikaki/ | [migagi] |
| /afa/ | [ava] |
| /pat̻a/ | [pad̻a] |
| /xat̻a/ | [xad̻a] |
| /mias̻e/ | [miaz̻e] |
| /uke/ | [uge] |
| /foxefe/ | [foɣeve] |
| /pakin̻a/ | [pagin̻a] |
| /n̻ami/ | [n̻ami] |
| /piaa/ | [piaa] |
| /t̻ofas̻i/ | [t̻ovaz̻i] |
| /fei/ | [fei] |
| /fapo/ | [fabo] |
| /s̻ee/ | [s̻ee] |
| /xiea/ | [xiea] |
| /kuɾe/ | [kʷuɾe] |
| /pieka/ | [piega] |
| /kiɾuxe/ | [kiɾuɣe] |
| /t̻en̻i/ | [t̻en̻i] |
| /s̻ekoa/ | [s̻egʷoa] |
| /xamen͡m̻i/ | [xamen͡m̻i] |
| /ɾaɾama/ | [ɾaɾama] |
| /s̻upapo/ | [s̻ubabo] |
| /xama/ | [xama] |
| /akamo/ | [agamo] |
| /n̻eɾakas̻a/ | [n̻eɾagaz̻a] |
| /keɾa/ | [keɾa] |
| /es̻a/ | [ez̻a] |
| /ɾiun̻a/ | [ɾiun̻a] |
| /xaxi/ | [xaɣi] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.