Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̥̻ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̥̻ n͡m nˠ̥̻ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̥̻ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /fat̻exa/ | [fad̻eɣa] |
| /aka/ | [aga] |
| /man͡m̻a/ | [man͡m̻a] |
| /t͡p̻aɾa/ | [t͡p̻aɾa] |
| /n̻aexi/ | [n̻aeɣi] |
| /et̻i/ | [ed̻i] |
| /ket͡p̻iki/ | [ked͡b̻igi] |
| /maxat̻a/ | [maɣad̻a] |
| /s̻an̻a/ | [s̻an̻a] |
| /maae/ | [maae] |
| /s͡f̻ekamu/ | [s͡f̻egamu] |
| /n̻io/ | [n̻io] |
| /kame/ | [kame] |
| /mii/ | [mii] |
| /poie/ | [poie] |
| /xeki/ | [xegi] |
| /moit̻e/ | [moid̻e] |
| /t̻akepi/ | [t̻agebi] |
| /n͡m̻is̻u/ | [n͡m̻iz̻u] |
| /xixea/ | [xiɣea] |
| /pan̻ifa/ | [pan̻iva] |
| /kakan̻a/ | [kagan̻a] |
| /memame/ | [memame] |
| /t͡p̻an̻a/ | [t͡p̻an̻a] |
| /at̻efe/ | [ad̻eve] |
| /t̻ikexeme/ | [t̻igeɣeme] |
| /xika/ | [xiga] |
| /ixa/ | [iɣa] |
| /kaes̻a/ | [kaez̻a] |
| /pepo/ | [pebo] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.