Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̥̻ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̥̻ n͡m n̥ˠ̻ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̥̻ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /ɾefafe/ | [ɾevave] |
| /eka/ | [ega] |
| /xaxa/ | [xaɣa] |
| /t̻epe/ | [t̻ebe] |
| /ɾean̻i/ | [ɾean̻i] |
| /ami/ | [ami] |
| /kat̻iki/ | [kad̻igi] |
| /xefema/ | [xevema] |
| /meke/ | [mege] |
| /xeaa/ | [xeaa] |
| /pakan̻u/ | [pagan̻u] |
| /kio/ | [kio] |
| /kexa/ | [keɣa] |
| /n̻ii/ | [n̻ii] |
| /t̻oia/ | [t̻oia] |
| /n͡mas̻i/ | [n͡maz̻i] |
| /xoifa/ | [xʷoiva] |
| /fes̻at̻i/ | [fez̻ad̻i] |
| /pimu/ | [pimu] |
| /n̻is͡f̻aa/ | [n̻iz͡v̻aa] |
| /t̻akiɾe/ | [t̻agiɾe] |
| /s̻es̻ake/ | [s̻ez̻age] |
| /n̻axaxa/ | [n̻aɣaɣa] |
| /t̻aka/ | [t̻aga] |
| /efaɾa/ | [evaɾa] |
| /mis̻an̻an̻a/ | [miz̻an̻an̻a] |
| /fis̻e/ | [fiz̻e] |
| /in̻e/ | [in̻e] |
| /s̻eama/ | [s̻eama] |
| /t̻at̻o/ | [t̻ad̻o] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.