Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m nˠ̻̥ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /n̻apepa/ | [n̻abeba] |
| /it̻i/ | [id̻i] |
| /s̻ixi/ | [s̻iɣi] |
| /kixi/ | [kiɣi] |
| /n̻aema/ | [n̻aema] |
| /eɾa/ | [eɾa] |
| /t̻ekot̻a/ | [t̻egʷod̻a] |
| /mipaɾi/ | [mibaɾi] |
| /kut̻a/ | [kʷud̻a] |
| /s̻aie/ | [s̻aie] |
| /xet̻ima/ | [xed̻ima] |
| /t̻oa/ | [t̻oa] |
| /t̻is̻e/ | [t̻iz̻e] |
| /mao/ | [mao] |
| /kaoe/ | [kaoe] |
| /pefo/ | [pevo] |
| /s̻aope/ | [s̻aobe] |
| /pafeko/ | [pavegʷo] |
| /xan͡m̻a/ | [xan͡m̻a] |
| /mapei/ | [mabei] |
| /kit̻an̻u/ | [kid̻an̻u] |
| /fifit̻i/ | [fivid̻i] |
| /mes̻is̻e/ | [mez̻iz̻e] |
| /kin̻i/ | [kin̻i] |
| /ipen̻e/ | [iben̻e] |
| /ɾofememe/ | [ɾovememe] |
| /pofi/ | [povi] |
| /ami/ | [ami] |
| /fueɾi/ | [fueɾi] |
| /keka/ | [kega] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.