Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡m̻ˠ n̻ˠ t̻ˠ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ˠ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ t̻ˠ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ d̻ˠ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡b̻ˠ s͡f̻ˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m n̻̥ˠ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /t̻iɾaɾi/ | [t̻iɾaɾi] |
| /upa/ | [uba] |
| /n͡m̻as̻a/ | [n͡m̻az̻a] |
| /mafa/ | [mava] |
| /t̻iake/ | [t̻iage] |
| /an̻e/ | [an̻e] |
| /poxeme/ | [poɣeme] |
| /kuɾin̻a/ | [kʷuɾin̻a] |
| /s͡f̻upi/ | [s͡f̻ubi] |
| /s̻iaa/ | [s̻iaa] |
| /n͡mopaki/ | [n͡mobagi] |
| /pei/ | [pei] |
| /muko/ | [mugʷo] |
| /kee/ | [kee] |
| /xiea/ | [xiea] |
| /ɾame/ | [ɾame] |
| /s̻ieɾa/ | [s̻ieɾa] |
| /n̻imaxe/ | [n̻imaɣe] |
| /s̻en̻i/ | [s̻en̻i] |
| /keɾoa/ | [keɾoa] |
| /xapet̻i/ | [xabed̻i] |
| /mumapa/ | [mumaba] |
| /kan͡m̻an͡m̻o/ | [kan͡m̻an͡m̻o] |
| /xapa/ | [xaba] |
| /aɾat̻o/ | [aɾad̻o] |
| /n̻emakaka/ | [n̻emagaga] |
| /ɾemu/ | [ɾemu] |
| /eku/ | [egʷu] |
| /mian̻a/ | [mian̻a] |
| /xaxi/ | [xaɣi] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.