Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡m̻ˠ n̻ˠ t̻ˠ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ˠ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ t̻ˠ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ d̻ˠ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̥̻ d͡b̻ˠ s͡f̻ˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̥̻ n͡m n̥̻ˠ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̥̻ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /xas̻ema/ | [xaz̻ema] |
| /at̻u/ | [ad̻u] |
| /t͡p̻uku/ | [t͡p̻ugʷu] |
| /n̻oko/ | [n̻ogʷo] |
| /xaemi/ | [xaemi] |
| /es̻i/ | [ez̻i] |
| /t̻en̻it̻i/ | [t̻en̻id̻i] |
| /famaɾu/ | [famaɾu] |
| /n͡m̻at̻a/ | [n͡m̻ad̻a] |
| /kaue/ | [kaue] |
| /ket̻ufa/ | [ked̻uva] |
| /t̻ia/ | [t̻ia] |
| /t̻afe/ | [t̻ave] |
| /fii/ | [fii] |
| /n̻aie/ | [n̻aie] |
| /mepi/ | [mebi] |
| /kaime/ | [kaime] |
| /s̻apen̻i/ | [s̻aben̻i] |
| /kiɾa/ | [kiɾa] |
| /mimeo/ | [mimeo] |
| /n̻ut̻ixa/ | [n̻ud̻iɣa] |
| /paput̻o/ | [pabud̻o] |
| /fet͡p̻ut͡p̻e/ | [fed͡b̻ud͡b̻e] |
| /n̻us͡f̻u/ | [n̻uz͡v̻u] |
| /os̻exe/ | [oz̻eɣe] |
| /ɾipemefe/ | [ɾibemeve] |
| /mipa/ | [miba] |
| /ima/ | [ima] |
| /paeɾu/ | [paeɾu] |
| /n̻en̻a/ | [n̻en̻a] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.