Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̥̻ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̥̻ n͡m n̥ˠ̻ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̥̻ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /kofefo/ | [kʷovevo] |
| /is̻i/ | [iz̻i] |
| /t̻it̻i/ | [t̻id̻i] |
| /mipi/ | [mibi] |
| /koen̻a/ | [kʷoen̻a] |
| /exa/ | [eɣa] |
| /s̻emas̻a/ | [s̻emaz̻a] |
| /t̻ifoxi/ | [t̻ivoɣi] |
| /ɾut͡p̻o/ | [ɾud͡b̻o] |
| /t̻oie/ | [t̻oie] |
| /pes̻in̻a/ | [pez̻in̻a] |
| /s̻aa/ | [s̻aa] |
| /s̻it̻e/ | [s̻id̻e] |
| /n̻aa/ | [n̻aa] |
| /maae/ | [maae] |
| /n͡mema/ | [n͡mema] |
| /t̻aafe/ | [t̻aave] |
| /xon͡m̻ema/ | [xʷon͡m̻ema] |
| /paɾa/ | [paɾa] |
| /n̻afei/ | [n̻avei] |
| /mikaku/ | [migagʷu] |
| /mimiki/ | [mimigi] |
| /n̻et̻it̻e/ | [n̻ed̻id̻e] |
| /miki/ | [migi] |
| /ifeke/ | [ivege] |
| /xamen̻en̻e/ | [xamen̻en̻e] |
| /fami/ | [fami] |
| /an̻i/ | [an̻i] |
| /muexi/ | [mueɣi] |
| /mema/ | [mema] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.