Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m nˠ̻̥ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /n̻exaxe/ | [n̻eɣaɣe] |
| /eka/ | [ega] |
| /s̻as̻a/ | [s̻az̻a] |
| /n͡m̻eɾe/ | [n͡m̻eɾe] |
| /n̻eapi/ | [n̻eabi] |
| /ami/ | [ami] |
| /kan͡m̻iki/ | [kan͡m̻igi] |
| /pexema/ | [peɣema] |
| /meke/ | [mege] |
| /s̻eaa/ | [s̻eaa] |
| /t͡p̻akapu/ | [t͡p̻agabu] |
| /kio/ | [kio] |
| /kes͡f̻a/ | [kez͡v̻a] |
| /pii/ | [pii] |
| /t̻oia/ | [t̻oia] |
| /xafi/ | [xavi] |
| /s̻oixa/ | [s̻oiɣa] |
| /mefat̻i/ | [mevad̻i] |
| /ɾimu/ | [ɾimu] |
| /pixaa/ | [piɣaa] |
| /t̻akin̻e/ | [t̻agin̻e] |
| /fefake/ | [fevage] |
| /pas̻as̻a/ | [paz̻az̻a] |
| /n͡m̻aka/ | [n͡m̻aga] |
| /exan̻a/ | [eɣan̻a] |
| /mifaxapa/ | [mivaɣaba] |
| /xife/ | [xive] |
| /ipe/ | [ibe] |
| /feama/ | [feama] |
| /t̻at̻o/ | [t̻ad̻o] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.