Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̥̻ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̥̻ n͡m n̥ˠ̻ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̥̻ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /n̻oken͡m̻o/ | [n̻ogen͡m̻o] |
| /ime/ | [ime] |
| /t̻et̻e/ | [t̻ed̻e] |
| /xifi/ | [xivi] |
| /n̻oeɾa/ | [n̻oeɾa] |
| /eka/ | [ega] |
| /mexama/ | [meɣama] |
| /s̻in͡m̻oke/ | [s̻in͡m̻oge] |
| /pimo/ | [pimo] |
| /t̻oee/ | [t̻oee] |
| /n͡mumes̻a/ | [n͡mumez̻a] |
| /maa/ | [maa] |
| /mit̻u/ | [mid̻u] |
| /s̻aa/ | [s̻aa] |
| /xaae/ | [xaae] |
| /s͡f̻exa/ | [s͡f̻eɣa] |
| /t̻aan͡m̻e/ | [t̻aan͡m̻e] |
| /komexa/ | [kʷomeɣa] |
| /t̻aka/ | [t̻aga] |
| /ɾas͡f̻ei/ | [ɾaz͡v̻ei] |
| /peman̻i/ | [peman̻i] |
| /xixemi/ | [xiɣemi] |
| /s̻et̻et̻e/ | [s̻ed̻ed̻e] |
| /xen̻e/ | [xen̻e] |
| /iken̻u/ | [igen̻u] |
| /kaxeɾes̻e/ | [kaɣeɾez̻e] |
| /n͡m̻axi/ | [n͡m̻aɣi] |
| /aɾi/ | [aɾi] |
| /xieke/ | [xiege] |
| /xepa/ | [xeba] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.