Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡m̻ˠ n̻ˠ t̻ˠ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ˠ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ t̻ˠ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ d̻ˠ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡b̻ˠ s͡f̻ˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m n̻̥ˠ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /t̻imamo/ | [t̻imamo] |
| /in̻a/ | [in̻a] |
| /paxa/ | [paɣa] |
| /kixi/ | [kiɣi] |
| /t̻oafe/ | [t̻oave] |
| /ame/ | [ame] |
| /n̻akun͡me/ | [n̻agʷun͡me] |
| /pimos̻a/ | [pimoz̻a] |
| /s̻in̻i/ | [s̻in̻i] |
| /piaa/ | [piaa] |
| /xan̻an͡m̻o/ | [xan̻an͡m̻o] |
| /n̻ue/ | [n̻ue] |
| /n̻ipa/ | [n̻iba] |
| /n͡m̻eu/ | [n͡m̻eu] |
| /keua/ | [keua] |
| /maɾu/ | [maɾu] |
| /peuma/ | [peuma] |
| /miɾake/ | [miɾage] |
| /xes̻o/ | [xez̻o] |
| /femaa/ | [femaa] |
| /kan̻et̻i/ | [kan̻ed̻i] |
| /ɾikan̻i/ | [ɾigan̻i] |
| /n͡m̻apapa/ | [n͡m̻ababa] |
| /kan̻a/ | [kan̻a] |
| /imat̻a/ | [imad̻a] |
| /t͡p̻ekafan͡m̻a/ | [t͡p̻egavan͡m̻a] |
| /muki/ | [mugi] |
| /efi/ | [evi] |
| /kias̻a/ | [kiaz̻a] |
| /kake/ | [kage] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.