Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m nˠ̻̥ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /mipapi/ | [mibabi] |
| /is̻a/ | [iz̻a] |
| /n̻at̻a/ | [n̻ad̻a] |
| /xat̻a/ | [xad̻a] |
| /miaɾe/ | [miaɾe] |
| /afe/ | [ave] |
| /s̻oxes̻e/ | [s̻oɣez̻e] |
| /n̻ipika/ | [n̻ibiga] |
| /kit͡p̻i/ | [kid͡b̻i] |
| /n̻iaa/ | [n̻iaa] |
| /t̻os̻an̻i/ | [t̻oz̻an̻i] |
| /s̻eu/ | [s̻eu] |
| /s̻in̻o/ | [s̻in̻o] |
| /n̻ee/ | [n̻ee] |
| /xuea/ | [xʷuea] |
| /paxe/ | [paɣe] |
| /n̻uepa/ | [n̻ueba] |
| /fixaxe/ | [fiɣaɣe] |
| /t̻eki/ | [t̻egi] |
| /ɾepoa/ | [ɾeboa] |
| /kamemi/ | [kamemi] |
| /xixama/ | [xiɣama] |
| /ɾan̻an̻o/ | [ɾan̻an̻o] |
| /xama/ | [xama] |
| /apamo/ | [abamo] |
| /s͡f̻exaɾaɾa/ | [s͡f̻eɣaɾaɾa] |
| /pexi/ | [peɣi] |
| /eɾi/ | [eɾi] |
| /xiaka/ | [xiaga] |
| /xaku/ | [xagʷu] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.