Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̥̻ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̥̻ n͡m n̥ˠ̻ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̥̻ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /n̻at̻eɾa/ | [n̻ad̻eɾa] |
| /aku/ | [agʷu] |
| /s̻uxu/ | [s̻uɣʷu] |
| /paxa/ | [paɣa] |
| /n̻aefi/ | [n̻aevi] |
| /et̻i/ | [ed̻i] |
| /kepiki/ | [kebigi] |
| /t͡p̻aɾat̻u/ | [t͡p̻aɾad̻u] |
| /maka/ | [maga] |
| /s̻aue/ | [s̻aue] |
| /xekufa/ | [xegʷuva] |
| /kio/ | [kio] |
| /kas̻e/ | [kaz̻e] |
| /fii/ | [fii] |
| /poie/ | [poie] |
| /ɾepi/ | [ɾebi] |
| /s̻oiɾe/ | [s̻oiɾe] |
| /t̻akepi/ | [t̻agebi] |
| /xima/ | [xima] |
| /n͡m̻iɾea/ | [n͡m̻iɾea] |
| /mukin̻a/ | [mugin̻a] |
| /papuka/ | [pabuga] |
| /fes̻us̻e/ | [fez̻uz̻e] |
| /pus͡f̻u/ | [puz͡v̻u] |
| /at̻en̻e/ | [ad̻en̻e] |
| /t̻ipen͡m̻efe/ | [t̻iben͡m̻eve] |
| /ɾipa/ | [ɾiba] |
| /in͡m̻a/ | [in͡m̻a] |
| /paet̻u/ | [paed̻u] |
| /pemo/ | [pemo] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.