Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m nˠ̻̥ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /n͡m̻akeka/ | [n͡m̻agega] |
| /axu/ | [aɣʷu] |
| /s̻ut̻u/ | [s̻ud̻u] |
| /n̻at̻a/ | [n̻ad̻a] |
| /ɾaemi/ | [ɾaemi] |
| /eki/ | [egi] |
| /xen̻oxi/ | [xen̻oɣi] |
| /s͡f̻akaku/ | [s͡f̻agagʷu] |
| /faxa/ | [faɣa] |
| /s̻aue/ | [s̻aue] |
| /t̻exuma/ | [t̻eɣʷuma] |
| /xoi/ | [xʷoi] |
| /xas̻e/ | [xaz̻e] |
| /mio/ | [mio] |
| /n̻ioe/ | [n̻ioe] |
| /mepo/ | [mebo] |
| /s̻ioke/ | [s̻ioge] |
| /kapen̻o/ | [kaben̻o] |
| /t̻ifa/ | [t̻iva] |
| /mikea/ | [migea] |
| /n̻uxin͡m̻a/ | [n̻uɣin͡m̻a] |
| /papuxa/ | [pabuɣa] |
| /mes̻us̻e/ | [mez̻uz̻e] |
| /n̻uɾu/ | [n̻uɾu] |
| /akeɾe/ | [ageɾe] |
| /kopememe/ | [kʷobememe] |
| /kopa/ | [kʷoba] |
| /ima/ | [ima] |
| /paeku/ | [paegʷu] |
| /n̻en̻i/ | [n̻en̻i] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.