Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̥̻ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̥̻ n͡m n̥ˠ̻ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̥̻ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /s̻it̻et̻u/ | [s̻id̻ed̻u] |
| /ife/ | [ive] |
| /keke/ | [kege] |
| /mipi/ | [mibi] |
| /s̻ueɾa/ | [s̻ueɾa] |
| /et̻a/ | [ed̻a] |
| /xomafa/ | [xʷomava] |
| /kit̻un̻e/ | [kid̻un̻e] |
| /n̻ixi/ | [n̻iɣi] |
| /kiee/ | [kiee] |
| /poxeka/ | [poɣega] |
| /xaa/ | [xaa] |
| /fiko/ | [figʷo] |
| /kaa/ | [kaa] |
| /maae/ | [maae] |
| /n͡mema/ | [n͡mema] |
| /kaat̻e/ | [kaad̻e] |
| /t̻umema/ | [t̻umema] |
| /pan̻a/ | [pan̻a] |
| /ɾat̻oi/ | [ɾad̻oi] |
| /mexas̻i/ | [meɣaz̻i] |
| /mimexi/ | [mimeɣi] |
| /kekeko/ | [kegegʷo] |
| /mexe/ | [meɣe] |
| /it̻es̻o/ | [id̻ez̻o] |
| /n͡m̻ameɾeke/ | [n͡m̻ameɾege] |
| /t̻ami/ | [t̻ami] |
| /aɾi/ | [aɾi] |
| /mien̻e/ | [mien̻e] |
| /mes͡f̻a/ | [mez͡v̻a] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.