Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡m̻ˠ n̻ˠ t̻ˠ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ˠ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ t̻ˠ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ d̻ˠ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡b̻ˠ s͡f̻ˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m n̻ˠ̥ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /t̻afifu/ | [t̻avivu] |
| /an̻a/ | [an̻a] |
| /ɾaka/ | [ɾaga] |
| /s̻aka/ | [s̻aga] |
| /t̻uame/ | [t̻uame] |
| /ife/ | [ive] |
| /n̻is̻en̻e/ | [n̻iz̻en̻e] |
| /ɾamuxa/ | [ɾamuɣa] |
| /xan̻a/ | [xan̻a] |
| /kaai/ | [kaai] |
| /kin̻aɾo/ | [kin̻aɾo] |
| /n̻eo/ | [n̻eo] |
| /n̻aɾi/ | [n̻aɾi] |
| /ɾee/ | [ɾee] |
| /s̻oei/ | [s̻oei] |
| /mipe/ | [mibe] |
| /koefa/ | [kʷoeva] |
| /fapis̻e/ | [fabiz̻e] |
| /kexu/ | [keɣʷu] |
| /memia/ | [memia] |
| /t͡p̻an̻et̻a/ | [t͡p̻an̻ed̻a] |
| /papan̻a/ | [paban̻a] |
| /miɾaɾi/ | [miɾaɾi] |
| /s̻an͡ma/ | [s̻an͡ma] |
| /afit̻i/ | [avid̻i] |
| /xepimimi/ | [xebimimi] |
| /mepa/ | [meba] |
| /ema/ | [ema] |
| /paixa/ | [paiɣa] |
| /s̻it͡p̻o/ | [s̻id͡b̻o] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.