Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̥̻ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̥̻ n͡m n̥ˠ̻ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̥̻ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /n̻at̻it̻o/ | [n̻ad̻id̻o] |
| /apa/ | [aba] |
| /mama/ | [mama] |
| /xafa/ | [xava] |
| /n̻oaɾe/ | [n̻oaɾe] |
| /ike/ | [ige] |
| /pixupe/ | [piɣʷube] |
| /mat̻oka/ | [mad̻oga] |
| /t͡p̻apa/ | [t͡p̻aba] |
| /maai/ | [maai] |
| /fipaɾo/ | [fibaɾo] |
| /pue/ | [pue] |
| /pami/ | [pami] |
| /ɾeu/ | [ɾeu] |
| /xeui/ | [xeui] |
| /t̻is̻u/ | [t̻iz̻u] |
| /meut̻a/ | [meud̻a] |
| /kas̻ixe/ | [kaz̻iɣe] |
| /meko/ | [megʷo] |
| /ɾet̻ia/ | [ɾed̻ia] |
| /xapen̻a/ | [xaben̻a] |
| /s̻an͡m̻apa/ | [s̻an͡m̻aba] |
| /ɾimami/ | [ɾimami] |
| /xan̻a/ | [xan̻a] |
| /akin̻i/ | [agin̻i] |
| /ken͡m̻it̻iɾi/ | [ken͡m̻id̻iɾi] |
| /t̻un͡m̻a/ | [t̻un͡m̻a] |
| /et̻a/ | [ed̻a] |
| /n͡m̻aika/ | [n͡m̻aiga] |
| /xixe/ | [xiɣe] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.