Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m nˠ̻̥ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /men̻an̻e/ | [men̻an̻e] |
| /eka/ | [ega] |
| /paɾa/ | [paɾa] |
| /xos̻o/ | [xʷoz̻o] |
| /mean͡m̻i/ | [mean͡m̻i] |
| /an̻i/ | [an̻i] |
| /kaxuki/ | [kaɣʷugi] |
| /pes͡f̻et̻a/ | [pez͡v̻ed̻a] |
| /t̻eke/ | [t̻ege] |
| /ɾeaa/ | [ɾeaa] |
| /s̻akape/ | [s̻agabe] |
| /kui/ | [kʷui] |
| /kepa/ | [keba] |
| /piu/ | [piu] |
| /xiua/ | [xiua] |
| /faxu/ | [faɣʷu] |
| /ɾiun̻a/ | [ɾiun̻a] |
| /n̻ekaxi/ | [n̻egaɣi] |
| /ɾit̻e/ | [ɾid̻e] |
| /n͡m̻ifaa/ | [n͡m̻ivaa] |
| /t͡p̻akime/ | [t͡p̻agime] |
| /xexako/ | [xeɣagʷo] |
| /pan͡man͡ma/ | [pan͡man͡ma] |
| /xama/ | [xama] |
| /on̻ama/ | [on̻ama] |
| /n̻ixafapa/ | [n̻iɣavaba] |
| /s͡f̻uxe/ | [s͡f̻uɣe] |
| /in͡m̻e/ | [in͡m̻e] |
| /xeat̻a/ | [xead̻a] |
| /xat͡p̻e/ | [xad͡b̻e] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.