Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡m̻ˠ n̻ˠ t̻ˠ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ˠ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ t̻ˠ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ d̻ˠ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡b̻ˠ s͡f̻ˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m n̻̥ˠ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /s̻apipu/ | [s̻abibu] |
| /ama/ | [ama] |
| /fat̻a/ | [fad̻a] |
| /xat̻a/ | [xad̻a] |
| /s̻uan̻e/ | [s̻uan̻e] |
| /ipe/ | [ibe] |
| /miɾome/ | [miɾome] |
| /n͡m̻apuka/ | [n͡m̻abuga] |
| /kama/ | [kama] |
| /faai/ | [faai] |
| /t̻iman̻e/ | [t̻iman̻e] |
| /moe/ | [moe] |
| /man͡m̻i/ | [man͡m̻i] |
| /n̻eo/ | [n̻eo] |
| /ɾeoi/ | [ɾeoi] |
| /n̻ixo/ | [n̻iɣʷo] |
| /feopa/ | [feoba] |
| /paxiɾo/ | [paɣiɾo] |
| /t̻eku/ | [t̻egʷu] |
| /n̻epia/ | [n̻ebia] |
| /ɾames̻a/ | [ɾamez̻a] |
| /xaxama/ | [xaɣama] |
| /n̻ifafi/ | [n̻ivavi] |
| /ɾama/ | [ɾama] |
| /apis̻i/ | [abiz̻i] |
| /koxin̻in̻i/ | [kʷoɣin̻in̻i] |
| /poxa/ | [poɣa] |
| /en̻a/ | [en̻a] |
| /xaika/ | [xaiga] |
| /ɾiɾe/ | [ɾiɾe] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.