Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̥̻ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̥̻ n͡m nˠ̥̻ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̥̻ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /xoɾiɾo/ | [xʷoɾiɾo] |
| /eke/ | [ege] |
| /s̻en̻e/ | [s̻en̻e] |
| /pen̻e/ | [pen̻e] |
| /xoema/ | [xʷoema] |
| /iɾa/ | [iɾa] |
| /kipaka/ | [kibaga] |
| /s̻emot̻e/ | [s̻emod̻e] |
| /t̻uko/ | [t̻ugʷo] |
| /n̻oei/ | [n̻oei] |
| /t͡p̻ikema/ | [t͡p̻igema] |
| /kaa/ | [kaa] |
| /kes̻i/ | [kez̻i] |
| /maa/ | [maa] |
| /paai/ | [paai] |
| /mipa/ | [miba] |
| /n͡maaɾe/ | [n͡maaɾe] |
| /ɾokipa/ | [ɾogiba] |
| /n̻at̻a/ | [n̻ad̻a] |
| /mamie/ | [mamie] |
| /fekaxu/ | [fegaɣʷu] |
| /pepen͡m̻e/ | [peben͡m̻e] |
| /mis̻es̻i/ | [miz̻ez̻i] |
| /pen͡m̻e/ | [pen͡m̻e] |
| /eɾixi/ | [eɾiɣi] |
| /t̻apimimi/ | [t̻abimimi] |
| /ɾape/ | [ɾabe] |
| /ame/ | [ame] |
| /puit̻e/ | [puid̻e] |
| /pifa/ | [piva] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.