Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡m̻ˠ n̻ˠ t̻ˠ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ˠ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ t̻ˠ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ d̻ˠ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡b̻ˠ s͡f̻ˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m n̻ˠ̥ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /mas̻es̻a/ | [maz̻ez̻a] |
| /apu/ | [abu] |
| /ɾun̻u/ | [ɾun̻u] |
| /kon̻o/ | [kʷon̻o] |
| /maexi/ | [maeɣi] |
| /et͡p̻i/ | [ed͡b̻i] |
| /pekipi/ | [pegibi] |
| /ɾas̻afu/ | [ɾaz̻avu] |
| /t̻apa/ | [t̻aba] |
| /n̻aue/ | [n̻aue] |
| /n͡m̻epun͡ma/ | [n͡m̻ebun͡ma] |
| /pia/ | [pia] |
| /paɾe/ | [paɾe] |
| /ɾii/ | [ɾii] |
| /kaie/ | [kaie] |
| /xeki/ | [xegi] |
| /n̻ais̻e/ | [n̻aiz̻e] |
| /s̻akeki/ | [s̻agegi] |
| /n̻it̻a/ | [n̻id̻a] |
| /xixeo/ | [xiɣeo] |
| /t̻us͡f̻ima/ | [t̻uz͡v̻ima] |
| /kakus͡f̻o/ | [kagʷuz͡v̻o] |
| /n͡meɾuɾe/ | [n͡meɾuɾe] |
| /kumu/ | [kʷumu] |
| /os̻eme/ | [oz̻eme] |
| /fikexen͡me/ | [figeɣen͡me] |
| /s̻ika/ | [s̻iga] |
| /ixa/ | [iɣa] |
| /kaefu/ | [kaevu] |
| /ket̻a/ | [ked̻a] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.