Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡m̻ˠ n̻ˠ t̻ˠ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ˠ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ t̻ˠ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ d̻ˠ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡b̻ˠ s͡f̻ˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m n̻ˠ̥ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /kifan͡m̻i/ | [kivan͡m̻i] |
| /ut̻a/ | [ud̻a] |
| /paxa/ | [paɣa] |
| /s̻oxo/ | [s̻oɣʷo] |
| /kiame/ | [kiame] |
| /afe/ | [ave] |
| /t̻as̻et̻e/ | [t̻az̻ed̻e] |
| /pun͡m̻iɾa/ | [pun͡m̻iɾa] |
| /n̻ut̻i/ | [n̻ud̻i] |
| /piaa/ | [piaa] |
| /xat̻ami/ | [xad̻ami] |
| /t̻ei/ | [t̻ei] |
| /t̻upa/ | [t̻uba] |
| /mee/ | [mee] |
| /s͡f̻iea/ | [s͡f̻iea] |
| /mas̻e/ | [maz̻e] |
| /pien͡m̻a/ | [pien͡m̻a] |
| /fit͡p̻as͡f̻e/ | [fid͡b̻az͡v̻e] |
| /xeɾi/ | [xeɾi] |
| /memaa/ | [memaa] |
| /n̻akeki/ | [n̻agegi] |
| /s̻us̻ako/ | [s̻uz̻agʷo] |
| /mapapa/ | [mababa] |
| /s̻aka/ | [s̻aga] |
| /ofaka/ | [ovaga] |
| /ɾes̻amama/ | [ɾez̻amama] |
| /n͡m̻es̻u/ | [n͡m̻ez̻u] |
| /emu/ | [emu] |
| /s̻iaɾa/ | [s̻iaɾa] |
| /s͡f̻an̻i/ | [s͡f̻an̻i] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.