Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̥̻ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̥̻ n͡m n̥ˠ̻ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̥̻ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /n̻emame/ | [n̻emame] |
| /uka/ | [uga] |
| /papa/ | [paba] |
| /t̻afa/ | [t̻ava] |
| /n̻eami/ | [n̻eami] |
| /axi/ | [aɣi] |
| /kot̻iki/ | [kʷod̻igi] |
| /s̻umexa/ | [s̻umeɣa] |
| /ɾuke/ | [ɾuge] |
| /peaa/ | [peaa] |
| /fokas̻e/ | [fogaz̻e] |
| /kie/ | [kie] |
| /kus̻o/ | [kʷuz̻o] |
| /s̻ii/ | [s̻ii] |
| /t̻eia/ | [t̻eia] |
| /mat̻i/ | [mad̻i] |
| /peima/ | [peima] |
| /mekat̻i/ | [megad̻i] |
| /pixe/ | [piɣe] |
| /mimoa/ | [mimoa] |
| /t͡p̻akin̻e/ | [t͡p̻agin̻e] |
| /t̻ut̻aka/ | [t̻ud̻aga] |
| /s̻apapo/ | [s̻ababo] |
| /t̻as͡f̻a/ | [t̻az͡v̻a] |
| /aman̻o/ | [aman̻o] |
| /xit̻amas̻a/ | [xid̻amaz̻a] |
| /mit̻u/ | [mid̻u] |
| /imu/ | [imu] |
| /t̻eaxa/ | [t̻eaɣa] |
| /t̻at͡p̻e/ | [t̻ad͡b̻e] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.