Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̥̻ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̥̻ n͡m nˠ̥̻ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̥̻ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /fexaxe/ | [feɣaɣe] |
| /eka/ | [ega] |
| /ɾapa/ | [ɾaba] |
| /mapa/ | [maba] |
| /keat̻i/ | [kead̻i] |
| /an̻i/ | [an̻i] |
| /kamon͡m̻i/ | [kamon͡m̻i] |
| /ɾexen̻a/ | [ɾeɣen̻a] |
| /meke/ | [mege] |
| /ɾeaa/ | [ɾeaa] |
| /n͡mukat̻e/ | [n͡mugad̻e] |
| /koi/ | [kʷoi] |
| /n͡m̻eɾu/ | [n͡m̻eɾu] |
| /t̻io/ | [t̻io] |
| /mioa/ | [mioa] |
| /xas̻o/ | [xaz̻o] |
| /ɾioxa/ | [ɾioɣa] |
| /xes̻amo/ | [xez̻amo] |
| /pin̻e/ | [pin̻e] |
| /t̻ixaa/ | [t̻iɣaa] |
| /makife/ | [magive] |
| /s̻es̻aka/ | [s̻ez̻aga] |
| /t̻aɾaɾa/ | [t̻aɾaɾa] |
| /maka/ | [maga] |
| /axafu/ | [aɣavu] |
| /n̻os̻at̻at̻a/ | [n̻oz̻ad̻ad̻a] |
| /xos̻e/ | [xʷoz̻e] |
| /it̻e/ | [id̻e] |
| /s̻ean̻a/ | [s̻ean̻a] |
| /mami/ | [mami] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.