Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m nˠ̻̥ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /t̻en̻an̻e/ | [t̻en̻an̻e] |
| /ema/ | [ema] |
| /kaxa/ | [kaɣa] |
| /puxu/ | [puɣʷu] |
| /t̻eafi/ | [t̻eavi] |
| /an̻i/ | [an̻i] |
| /mapomi/ | [mabomi] |
| /ken̻eɾa/ | [ken̻eɾa] |
| /n͡m̻eme/ | [n͡m̻eme] |
| /keaa/ | [keaa] |
| /xamake/ | [xamage] |
| /moi/ | [moi] |
| /meka/ | [mega] |
| /kio/ | [kio] |
| /pioa/ | [pioa] |
| /n͡mas̻o/ | [n͡maz̻o] |
| /kion̻a/ | [kion̻a] |
| /n̻es̻apo/ | [n̻ez̻abo] |
| /xiɾe/ | [xiɾe] |
| /fin̻aa/ | [fin̻aa] |
| /pamit̻e/ | [pamid̻e] |
| /s̻es̻amu/ | [s̻ez̻amu] |
| /kakaka/ | [kagaga] |
| /pat͡p̻a/ | [pad͡b̻a] |
| /un̻at̻a/ | [un̻ad̻a] |
| /ɾos̻afaka/ | [ɾoz̻avaga] |
| /n̻os̻e/ | [n̻oz̻e] |
| /ife/ | [ive] |
| /s̻eaɾa/ | [s̻eaɾa] |
| /papi/ | [pabi] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.