Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡m̻ˠ n̻ˠ t̻ˠ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ˠ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ t̻ˠ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ d̻ˠ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡b̻ˠ s͡f̻ˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m n̻ˠ̥ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /kot̻it̻o/ | [kʷod̻id̻o] |
| /epe/ | [ebe] |
| /n̻efe/ | [n̻eve] |
| /meɾe/ | [meɾe] |
| /koin͡m̻a/ | [kʷoin͡m̻a] |
| /ixa/ | [iɣa] |
| /pimapa/ | [pimaba] |
| /n̻et̻oxe/ | [n̻ed̻oɣe] |
| /s̻epo/ | [s̻ebo] |
| /foii/ | [foii] |
| /ɾupen̻a/ | [ɾuben̻a] |
| /paa/ | [paa] |
| /pen̻u/ | [pen̻u] |
| /n̻aa/ | [n̻aa] |
| /maai/ | [maai] |
| /t̻ima/ | [t̻ima] |
| /faat̻i/ | [faad̻i] |
| /xomima/ | [xʷomima] |
| /faxa/ | [faɣa] |
| /n͡m̻at̻ie/ | [n͡m̻ad̻ie] |
| /s̻ekake/ | [s̻egage] |
| /memeke/ | [memege] |
| /n̻in̻en̻i/ | [n̻in̻en̻i] |
| /mike/ | [mige] |
| /et̻iku/ | [ed̻igʷu] |
| /xamit̻in̻i/ | [xamid̻in̻i] |
| /t̻ame/ | [t̻ame] |
| /an͡m̻e/ | [an͡m̻e] |
| /meixi/ | [meiɣi] |
| /mis̻a/ | [miz̻a] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.