Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m nˠ̻̥ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /kit̻et̻u/ | [kid̻ed̻u] |
| /ixe/ | [iɣe] |
| /fen̻e/ | [fen̻e] |
| /s͡f̻in̻i/ | [s͡f̻in̻i] |
| /kues̻a/ | [kʷuez̻a] |
| /ema/ | [ema] |
| /xot͡p̻axa/ | [xʷod͡b̻aɣa] |
| /fit̻ume/ | [fid̻ume] |
| /mixi/ | [miɣi] |
| /n͡m̻iee/ | [n͡m̻iee] |
| /n̻oxes̻a/ | [n̻oɣez̻a] |
| /xaa/ | [xaa] |
| /xifo/ | [xivo] |
| /s̻aa/ | [s̻aa] |
| /paae/ | [paae] |
| /t̻eɾa/ | [t̻eɾa] |
| /n͡m̻aat̻e/ | [n͡m̻aad̻e] |
| /muɾet͡p̻a/ | [muɾed͡b̻a] |
| /n̻ama/ | [n̻ama] |
| /s̻at̻oi/ | [s̻ad̻oi] |
| /pekaki/ | [pegagi] |
| /ɾiɾeki/ | [ɾiɾegi] |
| /s̻efefo/ | [s̻evevo] |
| /t͡p̻eke/ | [t͡p̻ege] |
| /it̻eko/ | [id̻egʷo] |
| /maɾet̻es̻e/ | [maɾed̻ez̻e] |
| /t̻aɾi/ | [t̻aɾi] |
| /as̻i/ | [az̻i] |
| /ɾieme/ | [ɾieme] |
| /t͡p̻epa/ | [t͡p̻eba] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.