Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m nˠ̻̥ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /min̻an̻i/ | [min̻an̻i] |
| /ipa/ | [iba] |
| /kaxa/ | [kaɣa] |
| /s̻uxu/ | [s̻uɣʷu] |
| /miafe/ | [miave] |
| /an̻e/ | [an̻e] |
| /pat̻epe/ | [pad̻ebe] |
| /kin̻iɾa/ | [kin̻iɾa] |
| /n͡m̻imi/ | [n͡m̻imi] |
| /kiaa/ | [kiaa] |
| /xapako/ | [xabagʷo] |
| /s͡f̻eo/ | [s͡f̻eo] |
| /pika/ | [piga] |
| /kee/ | [kee] |
| /t̻oea/ | [t̻oea] |
| /n̻as̻e/ | [n̻az̻e] |
| /koen̻a/ | [kʷoen̻a] |
| /n̻ipat̻e/ | [n̻ibad̻e] |
| /xeɾi/ | [xeɾi] |
| /fen̻aa/ | [fen̻aa] |
| /t̻amet͡p̻i/ | [t̻amed͡b̻i] |
| /s̻is̻amu/ | [s̻iz̻amu] |
| /kakaka/ | [kagaga] |
| /s̻ama/ | [s̻ama] |
| /un̻ama/ | [un̻ama] |
| /ɾes̻afaka/ | [ɾez̻avaga] |
| /n̻es̻i/ | [n̻ez̻i] |
| /efi/ | [evi] |
| /s̻iaɾa/ | [s̻iaɾa] |
| /t̻at̻o/ | [t̻ad̻o] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.