Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̥̻ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̥̻ n͡m nˠ̥̻ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̥̻ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /t̻it͡p̻as̻i/ | [t̻id͡b̻az̻i] |
| /ixa/ | [iɣa] |
| /man̻a/ | [man̻a] |
| /kan̻a/ | [kan̻a] |
| /t̻iame/ | [t̻iame] |
| /afe/ | [ave] |
| /xokuke/ | [xʷogʷuge] |
| /mis̻iɾa/ | [miz̻iɾa] |
| /ɾixi/ | [ɾiɣi] |
| /n̻iaa/ | [n̻iaa] |
| /n͡m̻oxami/ | [n͡m̻oɣami] |
| /xue/ | [xʷue] |
| /ximo/ | [ximo] |
| /meu/ | [meu] |
| /peua/ | [peua] |
| /s̻aku/ | [s̻agʷu] |
| /n̻eus̻a/ | [n̻euz̻a] |
| /fikake/ | [figage] |
| /n̻eɾi/ | [n̻eɾi] |
| /mes̻oa/ | [mez̻oa] |
| /paxet̻i/ | [paɣed̻i] |
| /kikaxa/ | [kigaɣa] |
| /mamamo/ | [mamamo] |
| /kaxa/ | [kaɣa] |
| /at͡p̻at̻o/ | [ad͡b̻ad̻o] |
| /ɾekas͡f̻ama/ | [ɾegaz͡v̻ama] |
| /s̻uki/ | [s̻ugi] |
| /emi/ | [emi] |
| /kiaɾa/ | [kiaɾa] |
| /kape/ | [kabe] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.