Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m nˠ̻̥ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /n̻is̻efi/ | [n̻iz̻evi] |
| /ixe/ | [iɣe] |
| /t̻et̻e/ | [t̻ed̻e] |
| /mepe/ | [mebe] |
| /n̻ieɾa/ | [n̻ieɾa] |
| /us̻a/ | [uz̻a] |
| /xomaxa/ | [xʷomaɣa] |
| /t̻ifike/ | [t̻ivige] |
| /kixi/ | [kiɣi] |
| /t̻iee/ | [t̻iee] |
| /poxen͡m̻a/ | [poɣen͡m̻a] |
| /xaa/ | [xaa] |
| /xit̻o/ | [xid̻o] |
| /n͡m̻aa/ | [n͡m̻aa] |
| /t͡p̻aae/ | [t͡p̻aae] |
| /fuma/ | [fuma] |
| /t̻aafe/ | [t̻aave] |
| /s̻imut͡p̻a/ | [s̻imud͡b̻a] |
| /paka/ | [paga] |
| /ɾafoe/ | [ɾavoe] |
| /kexan̻i/ | [keɣan̻i] |
| /mimexe/ | [mimeɣe] |
| /n͡m̻ut̻et̻o/ | [n͡m̻ud̻ed̻o] |
| /mexe/ | [meɣe] |
| /es̻en̻o/ | [ez̻en̻o] |
| /kameɾen͡m̻e/ | [kameɾen͡m̻e] |
| /fami/ | [fami] |
| /aɾi/ | [aɾi] |
| /miuke/ | [miuge] |
| /meka/ | [mega] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.