Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m nˠ̻̥ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /n͡m̻okika/ | [n͡m̻ogiga] |
| /eme/ | [eme] |
| /xexe/ | [xeɣe] |
| /t̻epe/ | [t̻ebe] |
| /ɾaes̻a/ | [ɾaez̻a] |
| /ika/ | [iga] |
| /mit̻uma/ | [mid̻uma] |
| /xekan̻e/ | [xegan̻e] |
| /n̻omo/ | [n̻omo] |
| /xoei/ | [xʷoei] |
| /pimes̻a/ | [pimez̻a] |
| /mua/ | [mua] |
| /mexi/ | [meɣi] |
| /s̻au/ | [s̻au] |
| /t̻aui/ | [t̻aui] |
| /kifu/ | [kivu] |
| /xauke/ | [xauge] |
| /kamit̻a/ | [kamid̻a] |
| /pan̻a/ | [pan̻a] |
| /s̻akie/ | [s̻agie] |
| /t̻eman͡mo/ | [t̻eman͡mo] |
| /fefeme/ | [feveme] |
| /s̻ixexi/ | [s̻iɣeɣi] |
| /t̻eɾe/ | [t̻eɾe] |
| /ekin͡m̻i/ | [egin͡m̻i] |
| /n̻afikis̻i/ | [n̻avigiz̻i] |
| /kufe/ | [kʷuve] |
| /as̻e/ | [az̻e] |
| /foin̻e/ | [foin̻e] |
| /t̻it̻a/ | [t̻id̻a] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.