Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡m̻ˠ n̻ˠ t̻ˠ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ˠ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ t̻ˠ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ d̻ˠ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡b̻ˠ s͡f̻ˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m n̻ˠ̥ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /pixaxi/ | [piɣaɣi] |
| /in̻a/ | [in̻a] |
| /kama/ | [kama] |
| /ɾama/ | [ɾama] |
| /piake/ | [piage] |
| /afe/ | [ave] |
| /n̻aɾon̻e/ | [n̻aɾon̻e] |
| /kixin͡m̻a/ | [kiɣin͡m̻a] |
| /t̻is̻i/ | [t̻iz̻i] |
| /miaa/ | [miaa] |
| /mus̻ake/ | [muz̻age] |
| /s̻oe/ | [s̻oe] |
| /n̻iku/ | [n̻igʷu] |
| /keo/ | [keo] |
| /ɾeoa/ | [ɾeoa] |
| /xan̻o/ | [xan̻o] |
| /keoxa/ | [keoɣa] |
| /s͡f̻in̻aɾo/ | [s͡f̻in̻aɾo] |
| /met̻i/ | [med̻i] |
| /kexaa/ | [keɣaa] |
| /t̻as̻epi/ | [t̻az̻ebi] |
| /n̻iɾas̻a/ | [n̻iɾaz̻a] |
| /kakaka/ | [kagaga] |
| /ɾat͡p̻a/ | [ɾad͡b̻a] |
| /axapu/ | [aɣabu] |
| /fon̻axaka/ | [fon̻aɣaga] |
| /xoɾi/ | [xʷoɾi] |
| /eki/ | [egi] |
| /ɾian͡m̻a/ | [ɾian͡m̻a] |
| /ɾat̻e/ | [ɾad̻e] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.