Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̥̻ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̥̻ n͡m nˠ̥̻ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̥̻ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /feɾame/ | [feɾame] |
| /oxa/ | [oɣa] |
| /pan͡m̻a/ | [pan͡m̻a] |
| /kus̻u/ | [kʷuz̻u] |
| /t̻eami/ | [t̻eami] |
| /aɾi/ | [aɾi] |
| /xakixi/ | [xagiɣi] |
| /pomen̻a/ | [pomen̻a] |
| /n̻ot̻e/ | [n̻od̻e] |
| /peaa/ | [peaa] |
| /s̻axat͡p̻e/ | [s̻aɣad͡b̻e] |
| /xie/ | [xie] |
| /xopa/ | [xʷoba] |
| /t͡p̻ii/ | [t͡p̻ii] |
| /keia/ | [keia] |
| /maki/ | [magi] |
| /peima/ | [peima] |
| /ɾexaki/ | [ɾeɣagi] |
| /n͡m̻in̻e/ | [n͡m̻in̻e] |
| /mimaa/ | [mimaa] |
| /kat̻ife/ | [kad̻ive] |
| /kokat̻u/ | [kʷogad̻u] |
| /t͡p̻apapa/ | [t͡p̻ababa] |
| /kat̻a/ | [kad̻a] |
| /uɾafa/ | [uɾava] |
| /n̻ikamat͡p̻a/ | [n̻igamad͡b̻a] |
| /miko/ | [migʷo] |
| /imo/ | [imo] |
| /kean̻a/ | [kean̻a] |
| /kake/ | [kage] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.