Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̥̻ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̥̻ n͡m n̥ˠ̻ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̥̻ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /fin̻an̻i/ | [fin̻an̻i] |
| /uka/ | [uga] |
| /n͡mapa/ | [n͡maba] |
| /kapa/ | [kaba] |
| /miat̻e/ | [miad̻e] |
| /axe/ | [aɣe] |
| /kos̻eke/ | [kʷoz̻ege] |
| /t̻un̻ixa/ | [t̻un̻iɣa] |
| /ɾumi/ | [ɾumi] |
| /piaa/ | [piaa] |
| /t͡p̻omat̻i/ | [t͡p̻omad̻i] |
| /mei/ | [mei] |
| /kut̻o/ | [kʷud̻o] |
| /t̻ee/ | [t̻ee] |
| /s̻iea/ | [s̻iea] |
| /n̻ake/ | [n̻age] |
| /pien̻a/ | [pien̻a] |
| /xikas̻e/ | [xigaz̻e] |
| /peɾi/ | [peɾi] |
| /t̻en̻oa/ | [t̻en̻oa] |
| /s̻amefi/ | [s̻amevi] |
| /kukama/ | [kʷugama] |
| /t̻apan͡mo/ | [t̻aban͡mo] |
| /s̻ama/ | [s̻ama] |
| /as͡f̻afo/ | [az͡v̻avo] |
| /xekan̻at̻a/ | [xegan̻ad̻a] |
| /n̻eku/ | [n̻egʷu] |
| /en̻u/ | [en̻u] |
| /kiaxa/ | [kiaɣa] |
| /s̻as̻i/ | [s̻az̻i] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.