Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m nˠ̻̥ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /pikake/ | [pigage] |
| /ima/ | [ima] |
| /xaxa/ | [xaɣa] |
| /t̻ifi/ | [t̻ivi] |
| /pean̻e/ | [pean̻e] |
| /aku/ | [agʷu] |
| /mat̻ome/ | [mad̻ome] |
| /t͡p̻ikeka/ | [t͡p̻igega] |
| /s̻imi/ | [s̻imi] |
| /xiaa/ | [xiaa] |
| /faman͡m̻e/ | [faman͡m̻e] |
| /moe/ | [moe] |
| /mit͡p̻a/ | [mid͡b̻a] |
| /n͡m̻uo/ | [n͡m̻uo] |
| /t̻eoa/ | [t̻eoa] |
| /n̻aɾo/ | [n̻aɾo] |
| /xeoka/ | [xeoga] |
| /kiɾat̻o/ | [kiɾad̻o] |
| /xes̻e/ | [xez̻e] |
| /n̻un̻aa/ | [n̻un̻aa] |
| /t̻amupi/ | [t̻amubi] |
| /ɾiɾami/ | [ɾiɾami] |
| /n̻axaxa/ | [n̻aɣaɣa] |
| /t̻apa/ | [t̻aba] |
| /ikapa/ | [igaba] |
| /koɾan̻an͡m̻a/ | [kʷoɾan̻an͡m̻a] |
| /koɾi/ | [kʷoɾi] |
| /un̻i/ | [un̻i] |
| /ɾiaka/ | [ɾiaga] |
| /t̻at̻e/ | [t̻ad̻e] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.