Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̻̥ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̻̥ n͡m nˠ̻̥ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻̥ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /makeka/ | [magega] |
| /in̻e/ | [in̻e] |
| /xexe/ | [xeɣe] |
| /ɾipi/ | [ɾibi] |
| /maefa/ | [maeva] |
| /eka/ | [ega] |
| /n̻es͡f̻on̻a/ | [n̻ez͡v̻on̻a] |
| /xikas̻e/ | [xigaz̻e] |
| /t̻in̻a/ | [t̻in̻a] |
| /xaee/ | [xaee] |
| /pun̻efa/ | [pun̻eva] |
| /n̻oa/ | [n̻oa] |
| /n̻ixu/ | [n̻iɣʷu] |
| /fao/ | [fao] |
| /n͡m̻aoe/ | [n͡m̻aoe] |
| /keɾo/ | [keɾo] |
| /xaoke/ | [xaoge] |
| /kan̻en͡m̻o/ | [kan̻en͡m̻o] |
| /pat̻a/ | [pad̻a] |
| /fakei/ | [fagei] |
| /t̻et͡p̻ami/ | [t̻ed͡b̻ami] |
| /ɾiɾet͡p̻i/ | [ɾiɾed͡b̻i] |
| /fexexe/ | [feɣeɣe] |
| /s͡f̻eme/ | [s͡f̻eme] |
| /ikemu/ | [igemu] |
| /s̻oɾekefe/ | [s̻oɾegeve] |
| /koɾi/ | [kʷoɾi] |
| /an͡mi/ | [an͡mi] |
| /ɾies̻e/ | [ɾiez̻e] |
| /s͡f̻et̻a/ | [s͡f̻ed̻a] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.