Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡mˠ̻ nˠ̻ tˠ̻ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ tˠ̻ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ tˠ̻ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ dˠ̻ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̥̻ d͡bˠ̻ s͡fˠ̻ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̥̻ n͡m nˠ̥̻ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̥̻ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /mepipe/ | [mebibe] |
| /en̻i/ | [en̻i] |
| /fiki/ | [figi] |
| /xeki/ | [xegi] |
| /meiɾa/ | [meiɾa] |
| /ut̻a/ | [ud̻a] |
| /t͡p̻oxan̻a/ | [t͡p̻oɣan̻a] |
| /fepet̻i/ | [febed̻i] |
| /s̻eme/ | [s̻eme] |
| /keii/ | [keii] |
| /kot͡p̻iɾa/ | [kʷod͡b̻iɾa] |
| /maa/ | [maa] |
| /n̻efo/ | [n̻evo] |
| /ɾaa/ | [ɾaa] |
| /xaai/ | [xaai] |
| /pun̻a/ | [pun̻a] |
| /kaapi/ | [kaabi] |
| /t̻en̻uxa/ | [t̻en̻uɣa] |
| /kas̻a/ | [kaz̻a] |
| /ɾapoi/ | [ɾaboi] |
| /ximan͡m̻e/ | [ximan͡m̻e] |
| /n̻en̻ime/ | [n̻en̻ime] |
| /ɾufifo/ | [ɾuvivo] |
| /ximi/ | [ximi] |
| /et̻imo/ | [ed̻imo] |
| /t̻an̻ipiɾi/ | [t̻an̻ibiɾi] |
| /pan̻e/ | [pan̻e] |
| /aɾe/ | [aɾe] |
| /n̻eut̻i/ | [n̻eud̻i] |
| /xixa/ | [xiɣa] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.