Phonemic inventory
Consonants
| | Laminal
labial-alveolar | | Bilabial-alveolar | | Labial | | Laminal
alveolar | | Alveolar | | Velar |
|---|
| Nasal | | n͡m̻ | | n͡m | | m | | n̻ | | | | |
|---|
| Stop | | t͡p̻ | | | | p | | t̻ | | | | k |
|---|
| Fricative | | s͡f̻ | | | | f | | s̻ | | | | x |
|---|
| Tap | | | | | | | | | | ɾ | | |
|---|
Vowels
| | Front | | Central | | Back |
|---|
| High | | i | | | | u |
|---|
| Mid-high | | e | | | | o |
|---|
| Low | | | | a | | |
|---|
Syllable structure
(C)V
C: a consonant
V: a vowel
Allophony
- Non-velar obstruents or nasals [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ ...] become velarised [n͡m̻ˠ n̻ˠ t̻ˠ ...] before a velar obstruent.
- Alveolar consonants other than [ɾ], i.e. [n͡m̻ n̻ t̻ˠ ...], assimilate in laminality to a following alveolar consonant.
- [ɾ] persistently become [ɾ̥] after a non-nasal phone except a non-nasal vowel or resonant.
- Non-nasal consonants [t͡p̻ t fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal and become voiceless word-finally.
- Short non-glottal stop non-glottal fricative voiceless consonants [t͡p̻ t̻ˠ f ...] become voiced [d͡b̻ d̻ˠ v ...] between a voiced phone and a voiced phone.
- Velar obstruents [k g x ɣ] become rounded [kʷ gʷ xʷ ɣʷ] before a non-low rounded vowel.
- Consonants [n͡m̻ pˠ s͡fˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Consonants [n͡m̥̻ d͡b̻ˠ s͡f̻ˠ ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal.
- Non-sibilant coronal alveolar nasals [n͡m̥̻ n͡m n̥̻ˠ ...] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
- Labial obstruents or nasals [n͡m̥̻ m̥ p ...] persistently assimilate in labiodentality to a following labial obstruent or nasal.
Some words
| /xifeɾa/ | [xiveɾa] |
| /in̻e/ | [in̻e] |
| /n͡m̻eke/ | [n͡m̻ege] |
| /miki/ | [migi] |
| /xaet̻a/ | [xaed̻a] |
| /efa/ | [eva] |
| /n̻omun̻a/ | [n̻omun̻a] |
| /t̻iɾape/ | [t̻iɾabe] |
| /min̻i/ | [min̻i] |
| /kiee/ | [kiee] |
| /n͡mon̻et̻a/ | [n͡mon̻ed̻a] |
| /n̻ua/ | [n̻ua] |
| /n̻in͡m̻o/ | [n̻in͡m̻o] |
| /t̻au/ | [t̻au] |
| /maue/ | [maue] |
| /ɾes̻u/ | [ɾez̻u] |
| /kauɾe/ | [kauɾe] |
| /fas̻ema/ | [faz̻ema] |
| /kapa/ | [kaba] |
| /t̻aɾoi/ | [t̻aɾoi] |
| /men̻axi/ | [men̻aɣi] |
| /s̻is̻en̻i/ | [s̻iz̻en̻i] |
| /t̻ekeko/ | [t̻egegʷo] |
| /mexe/ | [meɣe] |
| /ifexo/ | [iveɣʷo] |
| /pas̻eɾet̻e/ | [paz̻eɾed̻e] |
| /ɾus̻i/ | [ɾuz̻i] |
| /at̻i/ | [ad̻i] |
| /s̻iepe/ | [s̻iebe] |
| /mema/ | [mema] |
Generated by Gleb version 0.3.2 / 5.0a with seed 2736615686.