Phonemic inventory

Syllable structure

(C₁)V(C₂)

C₁: a consonant
V: a vowel
C₂: a consonant

Allophony

• Alveolar stops [t d] are persistently deleted between a stop or nasal and a stop or nasal.
• Central vowels [a aː] persistently become front [æ æː] before a semivowel.
• Obstruents [p d k ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal.
• Consonants [ɴ d g ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent or nasal. After a voiceless obstruent, [ɴ] become [q].
• [ɴ] become nasals and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
• Obstruents [p d g ...] assimilate in voice to a preceding obstruent.
• Alveolar stops [t d] become non-affricate and assimilate in place of articulation to a following obstruent or nasal.
• Alveolar stops [t d] become affricate sibilants [t͡s d͡z] before a non-nasal alveolar fricative.
• Dorsal stops or nasals [ɲ c g ...] persistently assimilate in uvularity to a following non-affricate dorsal stop or nasal. Before an uvular stop or nasal, palatal stops or nasals become uvular.
• Semivowels [j̥ j] become mid-low [ɛ̥̯ ɛ̯] before a lax vowel.
• Consonants [m d d͡z ...] persistently assimilate in voice to a following obstruent or nasal. Before a voiceless obstruent, nasals become non-nasal.
• Back vowels [u uː ɔ ɔː] become central [ʉ ʉː ɞ ɞː] before a front semivowel.

Some words

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